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<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">アルカディア翻訳会2008年2月課題　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　奥村義治　　</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">地球温暖化対策としての下記の植林運動 (Plant A Tree Today)
から課題をとりました。</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">①～⑥のなかで訳せるものをお願いします。</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">出典：<a href=
"http://www.plant-a-tree-today.org/newquickoffset.asp?Status=carbonfreepage"><span><font color="#006633">http://www.plant-a-tree-today.org/newquickoffset.asp?Status=carbonfreepage</font></span></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">参照：<a href=
"http://www.carbonfree.jp/500.html"><span><font color=
"#006633">http://www.carbonfree.jp/500.html</font></span></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; text-indent: 42pt">
日時：2008年2月17日(日)14：00－17：00</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; text-indent: 42pt">会場：渋谷区立大向区民会館会議室1号</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><strong> </strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><strong><font size="6"><strong><font size=
"3">CARBON FREE / PATT Foundation</font></strong></font></strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><strong><span style=
"color: black"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><strong><span style="color: black">What
is</span></strong> <em><strong><span style="color: black">Climate
Change</span></strong></em><strong><span style=
"color: black">?</span></strong></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">①『</span><span style=
"font-size: 10.5pt">Climate change, or global warming is the result of a build
up of greenhouse gases (GHG), chiefly carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. GHGs
serve to trap the suns heat in the earth’s atmosphere, forming the ‘greenhouse
effect’ – a natural phenomena that keeps the earth warm. However, when the
concentration of GHGs gets too large, and the earth’s equilibrium gets out of
balance, we experience a dangerous rise in temperatures, which can result in
severe and extreme weather conditions. In effect, earth’s blanket thickens and
our atmosphere absorbs and holds more heat than it radiates back. This could
directly affect rainfall, flooding and droughts, agriculture, economies, health
and biosecurity.</span> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt">』</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">②『</span><span style=
"font-size: 10.5pt">The reason for the unprecedented rise in GHGs is largely a
direct result of human intervention. In its 2001 report, the The United
Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated, "There is new
and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years
is attributable to human activities." In fact, since the industrial age began
around 150 years ago, man’s burning of fossil fuels — coal, oil and gas — to
fuel machinery has meant a rise in GHG emissions, mainly carbon dioxide, for
the past 2 centuries. Some scientists estimate the increase in carbon dioxide
emissions over the last 150 years to be 35 – 60 percent.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">The IPCC projects that global temperatures
will rise an additional 3 to10 degrees Fahrenheit (1.6 to 5.5 degrees Celsius)
by century's end.</span> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt">』</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">What is Your</span></strong>
<em><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">Carbon
Footprint</span></strong></em><strong><span style=
"font-size: 10.5pt">?</span></strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">Your carbon footprint is the direct effect
your actions and lifestyle have on the environment in terms of carbon dioxide
emissions. Probably the biggest contributors to your footprint are your travel
needs, and your electricity demands at home. However, all your actions have a
direct or indirect impact, including your diet, and the clothes you wear. We
know cars, buses and aeroplanes burn gasoline, public transport may use
gasoline and electricity and your home uses a significant portion of your
personal electricity needs that generally comes from fossil fuel burning power
plants. All these actions contribute to accelerating global warming and climate
change.</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">Why offset?</span></strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">Everyone has a responsibility to the world we
live in now and the world we leave future generations. As Mahatma Gandhi once
said “one must care about a world one will not see”.<br>
Reducing our emissions is obviously important in slowing or even reversing
climate change — but with world economies booming our carbon emissions are on
the rise - Britain’s CO2 levels rose about a quarter of a percent between 2004
and 2005 (BBC, 2006). And as your average person doesn’t wield the power to
influence huge companies or governments to change their environmental policies,
there needs to be an easier and more effective solution for concerned
individuals to take action on a personal level. Given that we all contribute to
the problem, we should all contribute to a solution.<br>
Effects of climate change can be seen now, this means we need to ACT NOW.</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">The role of trees in offsetting
your emissions</span></strong></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">③『</span><span style=
"font-size: 10.5pt">Trees are green machines that act as natural filters of our
air. Through the process of photosynthesis they absorb carbon dioxide (a key
GHG and principle contributor to global warming) from the atmosphere and store
it in their trunk, branches, leaves, roots, soil and foliage, while releasing
oxygen back out.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">Whereas deforestation, degradation and
poor forest management reduce carbon storage in forests, sustainable
management, planting, and rehabilitation of forests can increase carbon
sequestration.  In fact the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation
states “global carbon retention resulting from reduced deforestation, increased
forest regrowth and more agro-forestry and plantations could make up for about
15% of carbon emissions from fossil fuels over the next 50 years
(2006).”</span> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt">』</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt">④『Not only are trees an effective means for
absorbing and storing the carbon you emit, they have far reaching benefits that
extend well beyond that of filtering the air. Sustainably managed forests and
urban forestry projects have multiple environmental and socio-economic
functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital
part in sustainable development. Forests are sources of wood products. They
help regulate local and regional rainfall. And forests are crucial sources of
food, medicine, clean drinking water, and immense recreational, aesthetic, and
spiritual benefits for millions of people. 』</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><strong>Our projects</strong><br>
<br>
Our projects may be for the purpose of forest restoration, community forestry
to provide sustainable development, urban forestry for carbon sequestration,
aesthetics and shading, and research projects for education purposes. We are
operational in Thailand and link with experienced and reputable project
implementation partners including academic institutions, local NGO’s,
government forestry organisations, and development agencies. With all our
projects we concentrate on the principle goal of the trees. Trees in our
projects have far reaching benefits that extend well beyond simply absorbing
carbon from the atmosphere so when you commit to offsetting your emissions
through PATT, your donation also reaches far and wide. By donating to these
projects and effectively funding trees to be planted in these projects, we
allow you to attribute the carbon your trees will absorb to your offset
programme. Without you, these trees would not be planted, and the carbon would
still be in the atmosphere.</div>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"> </div>
<div><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">Reduce your
emissions</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><br>
<br>
Reducing your emissions is a vital part of combating climate change. We
encourage everyone to be aware of their energy usage and its effects, and take
steps to reduce this. What remains can be offset through our Carbon Free
programme.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">⑤『</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">By being more energy efficient at
home, you can reduce your emissions and lower your energy bills by more than
30%.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Adjust your air conditioner and
heater thermostat when you go out and shut down your system when you are away
for extended periods.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Turn off and unplug stereos,
radios, TVs, and DVDs when you leave for holidays. These appliances have a
stand-by function that uses energy even when they are turned off.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Close doors to unused rooms
trapping heating or cooling in rooms in use.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Consider switching to compact
fluorescent lighting. Compact fluorescent light bulbs use about 75 per cent
less energy than incandescent bulbs.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Insulating your walls and
ceilings can save 20 to 30 percent of home heating bills and reduce CO2
emissions by as much as 1 tonne per year.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Clean all of your heating and
cooling appliances, making sure they are dust free. Energy is lost when heating
units have to work harder to draw air through dirty filters. Ensuring that your
air conditioner filter is clean can save 5 percent of the energy used.
<span style="color: windowtext">』</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt"><span style=
"color: black">⑥『</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Wash your dishes manually, or
ensure your dishwasher is full when you run it. Allow your dishes to air dry,
by not using the heat in the drying cycle can save 20 percent of your
dishwasher's total electricity use.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Where possible walk or bike to
your destination. Fuel use through transport constitutes a large proportion of
total UK emissions.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Recycle glass, metals, plastics
and paper.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Plant shade trees and paint your
house a light color if you live in a warm climate or a dark color if you live
in a cold climate.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Turn your refrigerator down.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; color: black">Select the most energy-efficient
models when you replace your old appliances. Look for the Energy Star Label -
your assurance that the product saves energy and prevents pollution.</li>
<li style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span style="color: black">Slow down and drive
sensibly. The faster and more aggressive you drive, the more petrol your car
uses.</span> <span style="color: black">』</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span style=
"color: black">　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　以上</span></div>