http://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/ yaponski ja 2017-03-19T23:36:59+09:00 1489934219 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/31.html #expand(1000){{{*Tips and notes **&strong(){Е- AND И- CONJUGATION} The verbs in Russian change according to person and number. Each form has a different ending. There are only two patterns (apart from some phonetic changes). ||endings|Е- / И- examples| |&b(){я}| &b(){-ю} (у) |чита́ю, пишу́ / говорю́, ви́жу| |&b(){ты}| &b(){-ешь / -ишь} |чита́ешь, пи́шешь / говори́шь, ви́дишь| |&b(){он/она́}| &b(){-ет / -ит} |чита́ет, пи́шет / говори́т, ви́дит| |||| |&b(){мы}| &b(){-ем / -им} |чита́ем, пи́шем / говори́м, ви́дим| |&b(){вы}| &b(){-ете / -ите} |чита́ете, пи́шете / говори́те, ви́дите| |&b(){они́}| &b(){-ют}(ут) / &b(){-ят} (ат) |чита́ют, пи́шут / говоря́т, ви́дят| We will learn these one by one. There are only &b(){four} stems with irregular conjugation. The verbs хоте́ть, дать, есть, бежа́ть and all their derivatives follow neither the Е- nor the И-conjugation exactly. Note that if the endings are stressed, Ё replaces Е. Fortunately, a non-past form has only 2 options: -f 2017-03-19T23:36:59+09:00 1489934219 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/30.html #expand(1000){{{*Tips and notes **&strong(){ACCUSATIVE} Until now, you've been using the base form of the word in sentence like «Он ест &b(){яблоко}». Actually, whenever a verb, like "read", "cut" or "want" acts directly on some noun, the latter is a direct object. Such nouns take the Accusative case. **&strong(){FORMATION} Only feminine nouns ending in &b(){-а} / &b(){-я} have a separate form. «Мама» is a good example of this class : -ма́ма → ма́м&b(){у} Neuter nouns and feminine nouns with a final &b(){-ь} (e.g., «мы́шь») use the Nominative form. Now we are left with masculine nouns ending in a consonant (сок, медве́дь, брат). They use the same form as in Nominative or Genitive: -living beings ("animate") copy the Genitive -objects ("inanimate") stay Nominative -in plural this rule applies to all types of nouns &table_color(table, #81BEF7){} |~-а/-я|~— (masc.)|~neuter|~-ь (fem.)| |-у/-ю| Nom. / Gen. |Nominative| Nominative| With "substances"(mass nouns) Ge 2017-03-11T16:05:25+09:00 1489215925 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/29.html #expand(1000){{{*Tips and notes As you know, the Genitive case has lots of uses in Russian. One of them expresses &b(){an amount} of something: -чашка чая = a cup of tea -тарелка риса = a plate of rice -корзина яблок = a basket of apples With mass nouns it is also used to express "some" unspecified amount of that stuff when used instead of the Accusative: -Я хочу воды = I want (some) water. -Дайте, пожалуйста, риса. = Could I have some rice, please? (literally, "Give me, please, some rice"). -Хочешь сока? = Want some juice? Note that this usage is only characteristic for situations when you ask or hypothesize about using "some or other amount" of a substance. You cannot actually say that you are drinking "воды" right now—but you can say that you want some (or that you sipped some in the past—with a perfective¹, of course). **&strong(){чашка чаю} «Чай» has an alternative Partitive form «чаю»: -Хочешь чашечку чаю? = Want cup of tea? It is optional. Actually, ma 2017-03-08T21:48:51+09:00 1488977331 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/28.html 2017-03-04T15:00:42+09:00 1488607242 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/27.html 2017-03-04T14:59:06+09:00 1488607146 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/26.html 2017-03-04T14:55:05+09:00 1488606905 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/25.html 2017-03-04T14:53:14+09:00 1488606794 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/24.html 2017-03-04T14:56:36+09:00 1488606996 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/23.html 2017-03-11T18:22:22+09:00 1489224142 https://w.atwiki.jp/duolingorussian/pages/22.html 2017-03-20T00:59:35+09:00 1489939175