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*H. Reiju Mihara, A Normative Economist
#settitle(H. Reiju Mihara; Social Choice, Economic Theory; Kagawa U)
&meta_description(H. Reiju Mihara; Social Choice Theory, Economic Theory; Kagawa University Library.)
&meta_keywords(social choice,cooperative game theory,economic theory,normative economics,mechanism design,Arrow's impossibility theorem,voting theory,computability,simple games,Nakamura number)
#image(height=200,width=163,IMG_0061b.jpg)
H. Reiju Mihara, Summer 2006
H. Reiju Mihara, who has an [[Erdos number>>http://www.oakland.edu/enp/]] of 3 (via Erdos to A. L. Rubin to N. Brunner), is one of the four voting theorists (along with Condorcet, Borda, and Arrow) referred to in [[an article in The Why Files>>http://whyfiles.org/shorties/068voting/]], a science education site founded as a project of the National Institute for Science Education.
Mihara's works have been cited in books on various subjects, including social choice theory, mathematics, history of economics (cybernetics), and philosophy of science. Here is [[an example>>http://books.google.com/books?q=mihara+arrow%27s+theorem]]. Apparently, he needs more!
&small(){&bold(){Note}: Provided that you reasonably respect my rights, you are encouraged to make references and links to these pages (http://www5.atwiki.jp/reiju/ and below). Some characters on this page will not appear correctly if your system cannot handle Japanese properly. In that case, just ignore them. (Even if they appear correctly, they are not likely to make sense to you unless you can read Japanese.) [リンクは大歓迎．]}
----
&bold(){News!}
"Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and ways out of the impossibility" gives a ten-minute introduction to social choice theory. It also touches on some recent developments:
#video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqOTigJ1xuk)
"King Solomon's Dilemma: A simple solution" analyzes the Judgment of Solomon in the Old Testament. (My YouTube debut):
#video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggkcpeFr1Vs)
My previous site ([[http://www.cc.kagawa-u.ac.jp/~reiju/]]) has moved to the current site as well as an [[archive site>>http://www6.atpages.jp/reiju/]] (the latter consists mainly of pages not likely to be updated).
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**Go to the [[front page (in Japanese; 日本語)>front page]]
[三原麗珠の日本語ページ; エッセイ，自己紹介，開設科目，開発教材，研究のためのリソースなど]
----
**Research Interests &anchor(interest){}
&italic(){Fields}: Social Choice, Cooperative Game Theory, Mechanism Design, Economic Theory, Microeconomics, Normative Economics.
&italic(){Keywords}: [[Arrow's impossibility theorem>>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow%27s_impossibility_theorem]], Turing computability, rank aggregation, simple games, [[Nakamura number>>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_number]].
When I'm asked what my specialization is, I usually answer normative economics ---an area of economics (?) concerned with value judgments ("what is good?" or "what should be done?"). Since economics has "officially" been a value-free science (that is, it avoids value judgments), normative economics has conventionally adopted a certain trick. Instead of saying that a certain policy is good, it used to say "if your goal is such and such (this part contains value-judgments), then this policy works." Well...fine. But can economics really be value-free? Is it really important to be so?
The fact is that in the conventional normative economics (usually called "welfare economics"), the "if" part (a performance criterion) has almost always been concerned with efficiency. (Economists say a certain situations "efficient" or "Pareto-optimal" if there is no alternative situation that is preferred by everybody.) Maybe we'd better consider other criteria, too. Fortunately, social choice theory (or its descendant), traditionally a minor area in economics(?), offers many different criteria. These criteria include (i) whether the society treats individuals equally, (ii) whether information available in the society is efficiently used, (iii) whether the society adopts rules likely to be followed by many people (doesn't the society ignore individuals' incentives to exploit the rules?), (iv) whether the society respects individual's freedom of choice? Choosing from these and other performance criteria, or deciding what criteria to emphasize, is an activity that cannot always be value-free. As I understand, normative economics (i) recognizes the impossibility of a value-free social science, but (ii) does not particularly view this impossibility negatively, and (iii) even positively gets involved with value judgments.
Normative economics belongs to the intersection of several disciplines---including ethics and economics. Most of my work, however, is (and will probably be) rather mathematical, reflecting my [[training in Minnesota>>http://www.econ.umn.edu/graduate/index.html]] as an economic theorist. In particular, I adopt an axiomatic approach extensively used in social choice.
My current research is concerned about information processing in social choice. Though it may not sound particularly normative, its intellectual background dates back to the debate on the possibility of socialism. In the debate, F.A. Hayek insisted that socialism would not work since it could not efficiently make use of dispersed information available to individuals. Although I do not think that is the most important reason for the failure of socialism, I think it is an important one. I applied theory of computation to examine possibility of centralized decision making.
----
**Academic Works &anchor(academic){}
First, I list those papers that I want to publish in good journals, as well as those recently accepted by or published in such journals.
-[[Computability of simple games: A complete investigation of the sixty-four possibilities>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2010.12.003]], with Masahiro Kumabe, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 47: 150-158, 2011. ([[MPRA Paper>http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/440.htm]], [[arXiv:1102.4037>http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.4037]]) &color(red){new}
>Wondered how those axioms like monotonicity and properness are related? Check this "reference tool" out. All the possible relations among the axioms are exhausted in this single paper!
-[[Preference aggregation theory without acyclicity: The core without majority dissatisfaction>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2010.06.008]], with Masahiro Kumabe. Games and Economic Behavior, 72: 187-201, 2011. ([[MPRA Paper>http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/11728.htm]], 2010) &color(red){new}
>Dropping acyclicity is a radical departure from the convention. It calls for a rewriting of the accepted scenario in social choice theory. ([[A related article>http://theorist.blog6.fc2.com/blog-entry-169.html]] available in Japanese.) In addition, Example 5 is useful for those who want to talk about "&italic(){almost all} players" on a &italic(){countable} set (without meaning "all but finitely many players").
-[[The Nakamura numbers for computable simple games>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-008-0300-5]], with Masahiro Kumabe. Social Choice and Welfare, 31: 621-640, 2008. ([[MPRA Paper>http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/3684.htm]], November 2007)
>Typical voting rules can rationally deal with up to two alternatives. What's the cost of relaxing that upper bound? ([[A related article>http://theorist.blog6.fc2.com/blog-entry-141.html]] available in Japanese.)
-[[The second-price auction solves King Solomon's dilemma>http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/8801.htm]]. May 2008. ([[A previous version at SSRN>http://ssrn.com/abstract=926634]]. August 2006)
>An incredibly simple mechanism. "Lack of ingenuity" most suitably describes it. Good for experiments? (A [[YouTube video presentation>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggkcpeFr1Vs]] in English; [[A commentary by "theorist">http://theorist.blog6.fc2.com/blog-entry-84.html]] in Japanese.)
-[[Computability of simple games: A characterization and application to the core>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2007.05.012]], with Masahiro Kumabe. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 44: 348-366, 2008. ([[MPRA Paper>http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/437.htm]], [[arXiv:0705.3227>http://arxiv.org/abs/0705.3227]], August 2007)
>Not interested in computability? No problem. The section on core theory unravels the mystery of Nakamura's proof. ([[A related article by "theorist">http://theorist.blog6.fc2.com/blog-entry-94.html]] available in Japanese.)
Second, my [[personal profile on EconPapers>>http://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pmi193.htm]] (or [[one on IDEAS>>http://ideas.repec.org/e/pmi193.html]]) contains links to most of my papers. Almost all of them are available for free in working papers. (The citation analysis provided by IDEAS is disappointingly poor. Try tolerable alternatives such as [[Google Scholar>>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=reiju+mihara]] or paid services like Scopus.)
Finally, a &bold(){complete list of my publications} is available here in several formats (&ref(miharabib.pdf), &ref(miharabib.bib), &ref(miharabib.tex); the files contain Japanese characters). [[CiteULike has a similar list>>http://www.citeulike.org/user/reiju/tag/vita]], which contains links to published papers.
//Updated 11/2008
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**Course Materials
-[[Young 1994 Materials>courses/materials/young94pub#guests]]. A set of lecture notes for courses based on H. Peyton Young, Equity: In Theory and Practice (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994). In the past, I got requests from the former political prisoner [[Marek Kaminski>>https://webfiles.uci.edu/mkaminsk/www/]] as well as the author [[H. P. Young>>http://www.brookings.edu/experts/y/youngh.aspx]]. (You may also want to check, for example, [[Tayfun Sonmez>>http://www2.bc.edu/~sonmezt/]]'s [[Game Theory>>http://www2.bc.edu/%7Esonmezt/ec308.html]], Lectures 11-14.)
----
H. Reiju Mihara, [[Kagawa University>>http://www.kagawa-u.ac.jp/itwinfo/cl1000151/]] [[Library>>http://www.lib.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]]
三原麗珠 [[香川大学>>http://www.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]] [[図書館>>http://www.lib.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]]
----
*H. Reiju Mihara, A Normative Economist
#settitle(H. Reiju Mihara; Social Choice, Economic Theory; Kagawa U)
&meta_description(H. Reiju Mihara; Social Choice Theory, Economic Theory; Kagawa University Library.)
&meta_keywords(social choice,cooperative game theory,economic theory,normative economics,mechanism design,Arrow's impossibility theorem,voting theory,computability,simple games,Nakamura number)
#image(height=200,width=163,IMG_0061b.jpg)
H. Reiju Mihara, Summer 2006
H. Reiju Mihara, who has an [[Erdos number>>http://www.oakland.edu/enp/]] of 3 (via Erdos to A. L. Rubin to N. Brunner), is one of the four voting theorists (along with Condorcet, Borda, and Arrow) referred to in [[an article in The Why Files>>http://whyfiles.org/shorties/068voting/]], a science education site founded as a project of the National Institute for Science Education.
Mihara's works have been cited in books on various subjects, including social choice theory, mathematics, history of economics (cybernetics), and philosophy of science. Here is [[an example>>http://books.google.com/books?q=mihara+arrow%27s+theorem]]. Apparently, he needs more!
&small(){&bold(){Note}: Provided that you reasonably respect my rights, you are encouraged to make references and links to these pages (http://w.atwiki.jp/reiju/ and below). Some characters on this page will not appear correctly if your system cannot handle Japanese properly. In that case, just ignore them. (Even if they appear correctly, they are not likely to make sense to you unless you can read Japanese.) [リンクは大歓迎．]}
My previous site ([[http://www.cc.kagawa-u.ac.jp/~reiju/]]) has moved to the current site as well as an [[archive site>>https://reijum.web.fc2.com]] (the latter consists mainly of pages not likely to be updated).
----
**Go to the [[front page (in Japanese; 日本語)>front page]]
[三原麗珠の日本語ページ; エッセイ，自己紹介，開設科目，開発教材，研究のためのリソースなど]
----
**Research Interests &anchor(interest){}
&italic(){Fields}: Social Choice, Cooperative Game Theory, Mechanism Design, Economic Theory, Microeconomics, Normative Economics.
&italic(){Keywords}: [[Arrow's impossibility theorem>>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow%27s_impossibility_theorem]], Turing computability, rank aggregation, simple games, [[Nakamura number>>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_number]].
[[FAQs (research)>>http://researchmap.jp/reiju/faqs-research/?lang=english]] answers some questions about &bold(){Arrow's Theorem.} You can find a precise statement of the theorem and a brief proof, too.
When I'm asked what my specialization is, I usually answer normative economics ---an area of economics (?) concerned with value judgments ("what is good?" or "what should be done?"). Since economics has "officially" been a value-free science (that is, it avoids value judgments), normative economics has conventionally adopted a certain trick. Instead of saying that a certain policy is good, it used to say "if your goal is such and such (this part contains value-judgments), then this policy works." Well...fine. But can economics really be value-free? Is it really important to be so?
The fact is that in the conventional normative economics (usually called "welfare economics"), the "if" part (a performance criterion) has almost always been concerned with efficiency. (Economists say a certain situations "efficient" or "Pareto-optimal" if there is no alternative situation that is preferred by everybody.) Maybe we'd better consider other criteria, too. Fortunately, social choice theory (or its descendant), traditionally a minor area in economics(?), offers many different criteria. These criteria include (i) whether the society treats individuals equally, (ii) whether information available in the society is efficiently used, (iii) whether the society adopts rules likely to be followed by many people (doesn't the society ignore individuals' incentives to exploit the rules?), (iv) whether the society respects individual's freedom of choice? Choosing from these and other performance criteria, or deciding what criteria to emphasize, is an activity that cannot always be value-free. As I understand, normative economics (i) recognizes the impossibility of a value-free social science, but (ii) does not particularly view this impossibility negatively, and (iii) even positively gets involved with value judgments.
Normative economics belongs to the intersection of several disciplines---including ethics and economics. Most of my work, however, is (and will probably be) rather mathematical, reflecting my [[training in Minnesota>>http://www.econ.umn.edu/graduate/index.html]] as an economic theorist. In particular, I adopt an axiomatic approach extensively used in social choice.
My current research is concerned about information processing in social choice. Though it may not sound particularly normative, its intellectual background dates back to the debate on the possibility of socialism. In the debate, F.A. Hayek insisted that socialism would not work since it could not efficiently make use of dispersed information available to individuals. Although I do not think that is the most important reason for the failure of socialism, I think it is an important one. I applied theory of computation to examine possibility of centralized decision making.
----
**Academic Works &anchor(academic){}
Go to the [[page on researchmap>>http://researchmap.jp/reiju/Academic-Works/?lang=english]].
----
**Presentations and Course Materials
-[[Invitation to a Course in Game Theory, Kagawa University>>https://youtu.be/0MrHcSlwT3k]]. A three-minute talk based on an announcement made to a group of English speaking students at the University in June 2015.
-"Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and ways out of the impossibility" gives a ten-minute introduction to social choice theory. It also touches on some recent developments:
#video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqOTigJ1xuk)
-"King Solomon's Dilemma: A simple solution" analyzes the Judgment of Solomon in the Old Testament. (My YouTube debut):
#video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggkcpeFr1Vs)
-[[Young 1994 Materials>>https://sites.google.com/site/reiju3/resources/young94pub]]. A set of lecture notes for courses based on H. Peyton Young, Equity: In Theory and Practice (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994). In the past, I got requests from the former political prisoner [[Marek Kaminski>>https://webfiles.uci.edu/mkaminsk/www/]] as well as the author [[H. P. Young>>http://www.brookings.edu/experts/y/youngh.aspx]]. (You may also want to check, for example, [[Tayfun Sonmez>>http://www.tayfunsonmez.net]]'s [[Game Theory>>http://www.tayfunsonmez.net/teaching/teaching-econ308/]], Lectures 11-14.)
----
H. Reiju Mihara, [[Kagawa University>>http://www.kagawa-u.ac.jp/english/]] [[Library>>http://www.lib.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]]
三原麗珠 [[香川大学>>http://www.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]] [[図書館>>http://www.lib.kagawa-u.ac.jp/]]
----
