「Peercoin」の編集履歴（バックアップ）一覧はこちら

Peercoin - (2014/01/11 (土) 23:22:59) の１つ前との変更点

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削除された行は赤色になります。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peercoin
#image(311px-PPCoin_Logo_With_Shadow.svg.png)
Peercoin (PPC) Logo
|中央銀行|なし　PeercoinのP2Pネットワークプロトコルの同意によって与えられる※1|
|開始日|2012年8月12日、午前17時57分38秒(世界標準時)|
|ユーザー|世界中|
|備考|proof-of-stake systemによって上限1%のインフレを起こす|
|補助単位||
|0.001 	|mPPC (millicoin)|
|0.000001 	|μPPC (microcoin)|
|0.00000001 	|最小単位|
|表記|Ᵽ, PPC|
|呼び方|Peercoin, PPCoin, P2PCoin, PPC|
&small(){※1中央となる銀行がなく、P2Pネットワークがコインを発行する}
>*Peercoin Peercoinの概要
>Peercoin (code: PPC), also known as PPCoin and Peer-to-Peer Coin is the first cryptocurrency based on an implementation of a combined proof-of-stake (PoS)/proof-of-work system (PoW).
>Peercoin was created by software developer Sunny King (who later developed the cryptocurrency Primecoin) in August 2012. Peercoin was inspired by Bitcoin, and it shares much of the source code and technical implementation of Bitcoin.
>The Peercoin source code is distributed under the MIT/X11 software license.
>As of 28 December 2013, Peercoin is the 5th largest cryptocurrency according to market capitalization estimates.Unlike Bitcoin, Namecoin, and Litecoin, Peercoin does not have a hard limit on the number of possible coins, but is 
>designed to eventually attain an annual inflation rate of 1 percent. This feature, along with increased energy efficiency, aim to allow for greater long-term scalability.
Peercoin(コード:PPC)はPPCoinやPPCoin and Peer-to-Peer Coinという名前でproof-of-stake (PoS)とproof-of-work system (PoW)を組み合わせた仮想通貨として知られています。
Peercoinはソフトウェアデベロッパ(開発者)のSunny Kingによって作成されました。(彼は後に仮想通貨のプライムコインを開発しました。)PeercoinはBitcoinの影響を受け、そして多くのBitcoinのソースコードや技術的実装を取り入れました。
PeercoinのソースコードはMIT/X11ソフトウェアライセンスのもとに配布されています。&small(){MIT/X11ライセンスとはマサチューセッツ工科大学が起源のライセンス条項のことです。詳しくは、[[wikiへ>http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License]]}
2013年12月28日の時点で、Peercoinは時価総額では5番目に大きな仮想通貨です。Bitcoin、Namecoin、Litecoinと異なり、Peercoinには通貨枚数のの上限がなく、最終的には年間1％のインフレを起こすように設計されています。
&small(){つまり仮想通貨の上限があらかじめ決まっておらず、年間1％ずつPeercoinの総量は増えていくということです。}

>*Transactions　取引
>A peer-to-peer network handles Peercoin's transactions, balances and issuance through SHA-256, the proof-of-work scheme (Peercoins are issued when a small enough hash value is found, at which point the block of transactions is added to the 
>shared block chain. The process of finding these hashes and creating blocks is called mining).
>Peercoins are currently traded for fiat currencies, bitcoins, and other cryptocurrencies, mostly on online exchanges. Reversible transactions (such as those with credit cards) are not normally used to buy Peercoins as Peercoin transactions are 
>irreversible, so there is the danger of chargebacks. 
P2PネットワークはPeercoinの取引,コインの量,SHA-256を通しての通貨の発行をproof-of-work処理体系を通して処理します。(充分小さなハッシュ値が見つかったときPeercoinの取引ブロックはブロックチェーンに付加された時点で発行される。これらの一連のハッシュ値を見つけ、
ブロックを生成することをマイニングと言います。)

>*Addresses　アドレス
>Payments in the Peercoin network are made to addresses, which are based on digital signatures. They are strings of 34 numbers and letters which always begin with the letter P. One can create as many addresses as needed without spending any 
>Peercoins. It is quite common to use one address for one purpose only which makes it easy to see who actually sent the Peercoins.
Peercoinネットワークでの支払いはデジタル署名で成り立つアドレスを作成します。それら(アドレス)は一連のPから始まる34の英数字です。Peercoinを支払うことなく、必要に応じていくらでもアドレスを作成できます。
誰が何の目的でPeercoinを送ってきたかを知るのにそれぞれのアドレスを作ることは一般的です。
&small(){寄付用アドレス、支払い用アドレスなど目的に応じてアドレスを貼り付けることで、何の名目で入金されたかがわかるということです。}

>*Confirmations　承認
>Transactions are recorded in the Peercoin blockchain (a ledger held by most clients), a new block is added to the blockchain roughly every 10 minutes (whenever a small enough hash value is found for the proof-of-work scheme), a transaction is 
>usually considered complete after 6 blocks, or 60 minutes, though for smaller transactions, less than 6 blocks may be needed for adequate security.
取引はPeercoinブロックチェーンに記録されています。(取引記録は大多数のクライアントが保持しています。)新しいブロックはおよそ10分で追加されます。(小さなハッシュ値の価値はproof-of-workによって与えられます。)
小さいトランザクションのために、6未満のブロックが十分なセキュリティのために必要とされることもありますが、取引は通常、6ブロック、または60分後に完了したと見なされます。
----

>*Distinguishing features　特徴の分類

>*Proof-of-stake
>Peercoin's major distinguishing feature is that it uses proof-of-stake/proof-of-work hybrid system. The proof-of-stake system was designed to address vulnerabilities that could occur in a pure proof-of-work system. With Bitcoin, for example, there is a risk >of attacks resulting from a monopoly on mining share. This is because rewards from mining are programmed to decline exponentially, which may decrease the incentive to mine.As miners decline, the likelihood of a monopoly increases, which leaves the network >vulnerable to a 51% attack (a 51% attack is when a single entity possesses over half the mining share, which would allow this entity to double-spend coins). With a proof-of-stake system, new coins are generated based on the holdings of individuals. In other >words, someone holding 1% of the currency will generate 1% of all proof-of-stake coin blocks. This has the effect of making a monopoly more costly, and separates the risk of a monopoly from proof-of-work mining shares.
>The proof-of-stake system also has other effects (listed below).
Peercoinで有名な認証システムはuses proof-of-stakeとproof-of-workを混合して行うシステムです。 proof-of-stakeは元々の proof-of-stakeで発生する可能性がある脆弱性に対処するために設計されました。例えばBitcoinの場合、マイニングのシェアの独占による
攻撃の危険性に晒されています。これはBitcoinの仕組みによってマイニングによる報酬が指数関数的に減少し、それがマイニングに対するやる気を削ぐためです。マイナーのやる気が削がれると、(シェアの)独占の可能性が増し、それは
51%アタックをすることを許してしまうことになる。(51%アタックとは一箇所に半分以上のマイニングシェアが集まり、そしてその一箇所にコインの二重の支出を許してしまうことです。※)　proof-of-stakeでは、新しいコインは個々の財産を元に産み出されます。
言い換えれば、通貨の1％を保持している誰かが、すべての認証されたのコインブロックの1％を生成しています。これはシェア独占に多くのコストがかかり、そしてproof-of-workのマイニングシェア独占の問題をリスクをproof-of-stakeから分けることがでる効果があります。
The proof-of-stakeは他にも色々な機能(効果)があります。
&small(){※Bitcoinでは多数決でコインを承認するため、51%の決定権を握れば新しいコインを偽造することができるということです。}


>*Proof-of-work
>SHA-256. For each 16x increase in the network, the proof-of-work block reward is halved.

>*Energy efficiency
>Peercoin's proof-of-stake system was developed to address the high energy consumption of Bitcoin.[1] For example, as of April 2013 the generation of Bitcoins was using approximately $150,000 USD per day in power consumption costs.[8] The proof-of-stake method >of generating coins requires very minimal energy consumption; it only requires the energy to run the client software on a computer, as opposed to running resource-intensive cryptographic hashing functions.[1] During its early stages of growth, Peercoins will >be generated by proof-of-work like Bitcoin, however over time proof-of-work will be phased out as proof-of-work difficulty increases and rewards decrease.[1] Proof-of-stake will then become the primary source of coin generation, which will lead to a decrease >in energy consumption over time.[1]

>*Steady inflation
>Peercoin is designed so that it will theoretically experience a steady 1% "decentralized" inflation per year, yielding an unlimited number of coins. This is a combined result of the proof-of-stake minting process, and scaling of mining difficulty with >popularity.[1] Although Peercoin technically has a cap of 2 billion coins, it is only for consistency checking, and the cap is unlikely to be reached for the foreseeable future. If the cap were to be reached, it could easily be raised, hence for all practical >purposes Peercoin can be considered to have inflation of 1% per year, with a limitless money supply.[1]

>*Deflationary aspect
>The Peercoin transaction fee is fixed at 0.01 PPC for every transaction; however, the fee does not go to miner's income, but rather destroyed in order to offset the inflation caused by the proof-of-stake minting process. Therefore, if the network's economic >activity and transaction volume grows, it follows that the deflationary aspect will also rise proportionally according to the "network effect". For every 1 unit of PPC created there can be about 100 transactions before it is completely deflated away, this is >designed to ensure that there is no overall change in the money supply. The developers hope that if inflation increases, then transaction costs become cheaper which increases the urge to participate in transactions; however, if deflation increases, then >transaction costs become more expensive which increases the urge to save more, which in turn produces more "decentralized" inflation.

>*Transaction fees
>Peercoin designed so that variable and optional transaction fees are removed in favor of a protocol defined transaction fee (currently 0.01 PPC).[1] The transaction fee is fixed at the protocol level and does not go to miners but is destroyed instead. This is >intended to offset inflation by deflating the money supply and serves to self-regulate transaction volume, and stop network spam. One issue with a protocol defined transaction fee is that it does not evolve with the value of currency units, and requires a >hardfork of the protocol to adjust transaction fees.



































































































.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peercoin
#image(311px-PPCoin_Logo_With_Shadow.svg.png)
Peercoin (PPC) Logo
|中央銀行|なし　PeercoinのP2Pネットワークプロトコルの同意によって与えられる※1|
|開始日|2012年8月12日、午前17時57分38秒(世界標準時)|
|ユーザー|世界中|
|備考|proof-of-stake systemによって上限1%のインフレを起こす|
|補助単位||
|0.001 	|mPPC (millicoin)|
|0.000001 	|μPPC (microcoin)|
|0.00000001 	|最小単位|
|表記|Ᵽ, PPC|
|呼び方|Peercoin, PPCoin, P2PCoin, PPC|
&small(){※1中央となる銀行がなく、P2Pネットワークがコインを発行する}
>*Peercoin Peercoinの概要
>Peercoin (code: PPC), also known as PPCoin and Peer-to-Peer Coin is the first cryptocurrency based on an implementation of a combined proof-of-stake (PoS)/proof-of-work system (PoW).
>Peercoin was created by software developer Sunny King (who later developed the cryptocurrency Primecoin) in August 2012. Peercoin was inspired by Bitcoin, and it shares much of the source code and technical implementation of Bitcoin.
>The Peercoin source code is distributed under the MIT/X11 software license.
>As of 28 December 2013, Peercoin is the 5th largest cryptocurrency according to market capitalization estimates.Unlike Bitcoin, Namecoin, and Litecoin, Peercoin does not have a hard limit on the number of possible coins, but is 
>designed to eventually attain an annual inflation rate of 1 percent. This feature, along with increased energy efficiency, aim to allow for greater long-term scalability.
Peercoin(コード:PPC)はPPCoinやPPCoin and Peer-to-Peer Coinという名前でproof-of-stake (PoS※1)とproof-of-work system (PoW※2)を組み合わせた仮想通貨として知られています。
Peercoinはソフトウェアデベロッパ(開発者)のSunny Kingによって作成されました。(彼は後に仮想通貨のプライムコインを開発しました。)PeercoinはBitcoinの影響を受け、そして多くのBitcoinのソースコードや技術的実装を取り入れました。
PeercoinのソースコードはMIT/X11ソフトウェアライセンスのもとに配布されています。&small(){MIT/X11ライセンスとはマサチューセッツ工科大学が起源のライセンス条項のことです。詳しくは、[[wikiへ>http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License]]}
2013年12月28日の時点で、Peercoinは時価総額では5番目に大きな仮想通貨です。Bitcoin、Namecoin、Litecoinと異なり、Peercoinには通貨枚数のの上限がなく、最終的には年間1％のインフレを起こすように設計されています。※3
&small(){※1proof-of-stake とは所持金の証明}
&small(){※2proof-of-work　とは自分が見つけたブロックの証明(マイニングで見つけたもの)}
&small(){※3仮想通貨の上限があらかじめ決まっておらず、年間1％ずつPeercoinの総量は増えていくということ}

>*Transactions　取引
>A peer-to-peer network handles Peercoin's transactions, balances and issuance through SHA-256, the proof-of-work scheme (Peercoins are issued when a small enough hash value is found, at which point the block of transactions is added to the 
>shared block chain. The process of finding these hashes and creating blocks is called mining).
>Peercoins are currently traded for fiat currencies, bitcoins, and other cryptocurrencies, mostly on online exchanges. Reversible transactions (such as those with credit cards) are not normally used to buy Peercoins as Peercoin transactions are 
>irreversible, so there is the danger of chargebacks. 
P2PネットワークはPeercoinの取引,コインの量,SHA-256を通しての通貨の発行をproof-of-work処理体系を通して処理します。(充分小さなハッシュ値が見つかったときPeercoinの取引ブロックはブロックチェーンに付加された時点で発行される。これらの一連のハッシュ値を見つけ、
ブロックを生成することをマイニングと言います。)

>*Addresses　アドレス
>Payments in the Peercoin network are made to addresses, which are based on digital signatures. They are strings of 34 numbers and letters which always begin with the letter P. One can create as many addresses as needed without spending any 
>Peercoins. It is quite common to use one address for one purpose only which makes it easy to see who actually sent the Peercoins.
Peercoinネットワークでの支払いはデジタル署名で成り立つアドレスを作成します。それら(アドレス)は一連のPから始まる34の英数字です。Peercoinを支払うことなく、必要に応じていくらでもアドレスを作成できます。
誰が何の目的でPeercoinを送ってきたかを知るのにそれぞれのアドレスを作ることは一般的です。
&small(){寄付用アドレス、支払い用アドレスなど目的に応じてアドレスを貼り付けることで、何の名目で入金されたかがわかるということです。}

>*Confirmations　承認
>Transactions are recorded in the Peercoin blockchain (a ledger held by most clients), a new block is added to the blockchain roughly every 10 minutes (whenever a small enough hash value is found for the proof-of-work scheme), a transaction is 
>usually considered complete after 6 blocks, or 60 minutes, though for smaller transactions, less than 6 blocks may be needed for adequate security.
取引はPeercoinブロックチェーンに記録されています。(取引記録は大多数のクライアントが保持しています。)新しいブロックはおよそ10分で追加されます。(小さなハッシュ値の価値はproof-of-workによって与えられます。)
小さいトランザクションのために、6未満のブロックが十分なセキュリティのために必要とされることもありますが、取引は通常、6ブロック、または60分後に完了したと見なされます。
----

>*Distinguishing features　特徴の分類

>*Proof-of-stake
>Peercoin's major distinguishing feature is that it uses proof-of-stake/proof-of-work hybrid system. The proof-of-stake system was designed to address vulnerabilities that could occur in a pure proof-of-work system. With Bitcoin, for example, there is a risk >of attacks resulting from a monopoly on mining share. This is because rewards from mining are programmed to decline exponentially, which may decrease the incentive to mine.As miners decline, the likelihood of a monopoly increases, which leaves the network >vulnerable to a 51% attack (a 51% attack is when a single entity possesses over half the mining share, which would allow this entity to double-spend coins). With a proof-of-stake system, new coins are generated based on the holdings of individuals. In other >words, someone holding 1% of the currency will generate 1% of all proof-of-stake coin blocks. This has the effect of making a monopoly more costly, and separates the risk of a monopoly from proof-of-work mining shares.
>The proof-of-stake system also has other effects (listed below).
Peercoinで有名なことは認証システをはuses proof-of-stakeとproof-of-workとの混合で行うシステムです。 proof-of-stakeは元々の proof-of-stakeで発生する可能性がある脆弱性に対処するために設計されました。例えばBitcoinの場合、マイニングのシェアの独占による
攻撃の危険性に晒されています。これはBitcoinの仕組みによってマイニングによる報酬が指数関数的に減少し、それがマイニングに対するやる気を削ぐためです。マイナーのやる気が削がれると、(シェアの)独占の可能性が増し、それは
51%アタックをすることを許してしまうことになる。(51%アタックとは一箇所に半分以上のマイニングシェアが集まり、そしてその一箇所にコインの二重の支出を許してしまうことです。※)　proof-of-stakeでは、新しいコインは個々の財産を元に産み出されます。
言い換えれば、通貨の1％を保持している誰かが、すべての認証されたのコインブロックの1％を生成しています。これはシェア独占に多くのコストがかかり、そしてproof-of-workのマイニングシェア独占の問題をリスクをproof-of-stakeから分けることがでる効果があります。
The proof-of-stakeは他にも色々な機能(効果)があります。(以下に示します。)
&small(){※Bitcoinでは多数決でコインを承認するため、51%の決定権を握れば新しいコインを偽造することができるということです。}

>*Proof-of-work
>SHA-256. For each 16x increase in the network, the proof-of-work block reward is halved.
SHA-256　

>*Energy efficiency
>Peercoin's proof-of-stake system was developed to address the high energy consumption of Bitcoin.[1] For example, as of April 2013 the generation of Bitcoins was using approximately $150,000 USD per day in power consumption costs.[8] The proof-of-stake method >of generating coins requires very minimal energy consumption; it only requires the energy to run the client software on a computer, as opposed to running resource-intensive cryptographic hashing functions.[1] During its early stages of growth, Peercoins will >be generated by proof-of-work like Bitcoin, however over time proof-of-work will be phased out as proof-of-work difficulty increases and rewards decrease.[1] Proof-of-stake will then become the primary source of coin generation, which will lead to a decrease >in energy consumption over time.[1]

>*Steady inflation
>Peercoin is designed so that it will theoretically experience a steady 1% "decentralized" inflation per year, yielding an unlimited number of coins. This is a combined result of the proof-of-stake minting process, and scaling of mining difficulty with >popularity.[1] Although Peercoin technically has a cap of 2 billion coins, it is only for consistency checking, and the cap is unlikely to be reached for the foreseeable future. If the cap were to be reached, it could easily be raised, hence for all practical >purposes Peercoin can be considered to have inflation of 1% per year, with a limitless money supply.[1]

>*Deflationary aspect
>The Peercoin transaction fee is fixed at 0.01 PPC for every transaction; however, the fee does not go to miner's income, but rather destroyed in order to offset the inflation caused by the proof-of-stake minting process. Therefore, if the network's economic >activity and transaction volume grows, it follows that the deflationary aspect will also rise proportionally according to the "network effect". For every 1 unit of PPC created there can be about 100 transactions before it is completely deflated away, this is >designed to ensure that there is no overall change in the money supply. The developers hope that if inflation increases, then transaction costs become cheaper which increases the urge to participate in transactions; however, if deflation increases, then >transaction costs become more expensive which increases the urge to save more, which in turn produces more "decentralized" inflation.

>*Transaction fees
>Peercoin designed so that variable and optional transaction fees are removed in favor of a protocol defined transaction fee (currently 0.01 PPC).[1] The transaction fee is fixed at the protocol level and does not go to miners but is destroyed instead. This is >intended to offset inflation by deflating the money supply and serves to self-regulate transaction volume, and stop network spam. One issue with a protocol defined transaction fee is that it does not evolve with the value of currency units, and requires a >hardfork of the protocol to adjust transaction fees.



































































































.