これは、University of QueenslandのGlobal Change InstituteのClimate Communication Fellowであり、
Skeptical Science
の管理人であるJohn Cookと、University of Western Australiaの心理学者であるStephan Lewandowskyによる"The Debunking Handbook"の訳である。
この効果に寄与する一つの認知プロセスは、人々が自分たちの見方を支持する情報を選択的に探し出す、確証バイアスである。ある実験では、被験者たちは、銃規制や差別撤廃措置のようなホットボタンな問題についての情報を提示された。各情報は情報源が書かれていて、その情報が賛成か反対か(たとえば全米ライフル協会 vs 銃規制運動)明確にわかるようになっていた。両者を公平に提示したにもかかわらず、被験者たちは自分が元々持っている見方に合う情報源を選択した。この研究で、公平な形で情報を提示されても、人々は既に正しいと考えている情報に傾くことで、元々持っている見方を強化する。自分たちの見方を強く持っている人々の間で二極化が強く起きることがわかった。[10]
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