CONTENTS:Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel - GAZA兵器と人間・資料庫 @ wiki

Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• ソース

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................... .. iii

FOREWORD .............................................................. v

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1. 1

2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................ 21

• 2.1 TEST MATERIALS .............................................. 2. 1
  • 2.1.1 Smoke Substrate Characteristics ...................... 2. 4
  • 2.1.2 Plant and Soil Selection ............................. 2. 3
  • 2.1.3 Soil Chemistry Studies ............................... 2. 5
  • 2.1.4 Soil Microbiology .................................... 2. 5
• 2.2 WIND TUNNEL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ........................ 2. 6
  • 2.2.1 Description of Wind Tunnel Test Section .............. 2. 7
• 2.3 EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ..................................... 2. 7
  • 2.3.1 Exposure Environmert and Test Conditions 2,..8.,......
• 2.4 SMOKE GENERATION .................... * ..................... 2.11
  • 2.4.1 RP/BR and WP Combustion ...... ..... ........ ..... 2.12
  • 2.4.2 Aerosol Generation Test Procedure .................... 2.14
• 2.5 SMOKE CHARACTERIZATION .......... .......... ...... .......... 2.16
  • 2.5.1 Physical Analyses .... ....... ........... . ....... ...... 2.17
  • 2.5.2 Chemical Analyses .............. o .... . .... o.. . o. .... 2.21
• 2.6 SOIL MEASUREMENTS ....... ....... o .............. .. 2.25
• 2.7 SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL AND INVERTEBRATE MEASUREMENTS .......... 2.26
  • 2.7.1 Soil Microbiological Measurements ........ ......... 2.26
  • 2.7.2 Soil Invertebrate Measurements ...................... 2.29
• 2.8 PLANT/SOIL MEASUREMENTS .................................. 2.29
  • 2.8.1 Quantitation of Exposure/Dose ............... o.o...... 2.29
  • 2.8.2 Quantitation of Phytotoxicity ........................ 2.30
  • 2.8.3 Post-Exposure Simulated Rainfall ................... 2.30

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........ ......................... 3. 1

• 3.1 SMOKE CHARACTERIZATION ....................... 3. 3
  • 3.1.1 Physical Characteristics ......................... 3. 3
  • 3.1.2 Chemical Characteristics ............................. 3.13
• 3.2 TRANSPORT, FATE, AND EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS SMOKE DEPOSITION

ON SOILS ............................................ 3.37

• • 3.2.1 Soil-Phosphorus Background ........................ 3.37
  • 3.2.2 Calibration Tests .................................... 3.39
• 3.3 INTERACTIONS AND EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS SMOKES ON VEGETATION . 3.55
  • 3.3.1 Deposition Velocities for Phosphorus Smokes to

Vegetative Surfaces .................................. 3.55

• • 3.3.2 Mass Loading to Vegetative Surfaces and Influence of Post-Exposure Simulated Rainfall ..................... 3.66
  • 3.3.3 Direct Phytotoxicity of Phosphorus Smokes ............ 3.73
• 3.4 SOIL MICROBIAL EFFECTS ...................................... 3.120

4.0 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 4. 1

• 4.1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRBORNE

PHOSPHORUS SMOKES .......................................... 4. 1

• 4.2 IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS SMOKES ON SOIL CHEMISTRY ............... 4. 2
• 4.3 IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS SMOKES ON SOIL MICROFLORA .............. 4. 2
• 4.4 FOLIAR CONTACT TOXICITY: DIRECT EFFECTS .................... 4. 3
• 4.5 RESIDUAL AND INDIRECT SOIL/PLANT EFFECTS .................... 4. 4
• 4.6 EXTRAPOLATION OF LABORATORY DATA TO FIELD SCENARIOS: PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES ..............................4... 4

5.0 REFERENCES ....................................................... 5. 1

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Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel