GAZA兵器と人間・資料庫 @ wiki
Phosphorus pentoxide に関する記述2
最終更新：
pipopipo777
-
view
Phosphorus pentoxide 2
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp103.pdf
Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp103.pdf
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR
WHITE PHOSPHORUS
WHITE PHOSPHORUS
Prepared by:
Sciences International, Inc.
Under Subcontract to:
Research Triangle Institute
Under Contract No. 205-93-0606
Sciences International, Inc.
Under Subcontract to:
Research Triangle Institute
Under Contract No. 205-93-0606
Prepared for:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
September 1997
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
September 1997
103
White Phosphorus smoke. Respiratory tract irritation has been observed in humans exposed to white
phosphorus smoke for 2-15 minutes. Throat irritation during talking, coughing, nose irritation, and
erythema and edema of the larynx and vocal cords have been reported (Walker et al. 1947; White and
Armstrong 1935).
Respiratory tract irritation has been observed at concentrations of 187 mg phosphorus pentoxide
equivalents/m3 (258 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) for 5 minutes or longer (White and
Armstrong 1935). Damage to the respiratory tract has also been observed in animals exposed to white
phosphorus smoke for acute and intermediate durations. Slight-to-intense congestion, edema, and
hemorrhages were observed in the lungs of rats, mice, and goats dying during or following a l-hour
exposure to concentrations of 1,350,470, and 3,870 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3,
respectively (1,863,649, and 5,342 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong
phosphorus smoke for 2-15 minutes. Throat irritation during talking, coughing, nose irritation, and
erythema and edema of the larynx and vocal cords have been reported (Walker et al. 1947; White and
Armstrong 1935).
Respiratory tract irritation has been observed at concentrations of 187 mg phosphorus pentoxide
equivalents/m3 (258 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) for 5 minutes or longer (White and
Armstrong 1935). Damage to the respiratory tract has also been observed in animals exposed to white
phosphorus smoke for acute and intermediate durations. Slight-to-intense congestion, edema, and
hemorrhages were observed in the lungs of rats, mice, and goats dying during or following a l-hour
exposure to concentrations of 1,350,470, and 3,870 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3,
respectively (1,863,649, and 5,342 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong
黄リン煙。 気道刺激は2-15分間リン煙を空白にするためにさらされた人間で観測されました。 話、せき、鼻の刺激、および紅斑の間ののどの炎症、喉頭浮腫、および声帯は報告されました。(ウォーカー他 1947; ホワイトとアームストロング1935).
気道刺激は187mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3(258mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)の集中のときに5分間(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)観測されています。 また、気道への損害は鋭くて中間的な持続時間のためにリン煙を空白にするために露出された動物で観測されました。 強いうっ血に浮腫、ネズミ、ネズミ、およびヤギの肺で死にかかった状態で観測されたか、または135万470の集中へのl-一時間の露出に続いて起こる出血、および3,870mg五酸化リン同等物/m3、それぞれ(186万3649、および5,342mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)わずかである、(ホワイトとアームストロング
気道刺激は187mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3(258mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)の集中のときに5分間(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)観測されています。 また、気道への損害は鋭くて中間的な持続時間のためにリン煙を空白にするために露出された動物で観測されました。 強いうっ血に浮腫、ネズミ、ネズミ、およびヤギの肺で死にかかった状態で観測されたか、または135万470の集中へのl-一時間の露出に続いて起こる出血、および3,870mg五酸化リン同等物/m3、それぞれ(186万3649、および5,342mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)わずかである、(ホワイトとアームストロング
110
White Phosphorus smoke. There is limited information on hepatotoxicity following exposure to white
phosphorus smoke. No human exposure studies examining hepatic end points were identified. In animals,
cloudy swelling of the liver was observed following 60-90-minute exposures to 1,170 mg phosphorus
pentoxide equivalents/m3 (1,615 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong 1935) or
3,027 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3 in rats (Brown et al. 1980), 470 mg phosphorus pentoxide
equivalents/m3 (649 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) in mice (White and Armstrong 1935), and
7,320 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3 (10,104 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) in goats
(White and Armstrong 1935). Hepatic effects were not observed in rats exposed to 1,742 mg
orthophosphoric acid/m3 15 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 or 13 weeks (Brown et al. 1981). No studies
examining hepatic end points following dermal exposure were located.
phosphorus smoke. No human exposure studies examining hepatic end points were identified. In animals,
cloudy swelling of the liver was observed following 60-90-minute exposures to 1,170 mg phosphorus
pentoxide equivalents/m3 (1,615 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong 1935) or
3,027 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3 in rats (Brown et al. 1980), 470 mg phosphorus pentoxide
equivalents/m3 (649 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) in mice (White and Armstrong 1935), and
7,320 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3 (10,104 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) in goats
(White and Armstrong 1935). Hepatic effects were not observed in rats exposed to 1,742 mg
orthophosphoric acid/m3 15 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 or 13 weeks (Brown et al. 1981). No studies
examining hepatic end points following dermal exposure were located.
黄リン煙。 リン煙を空白にするために、肝毒性の次の露出の限られた情報があります。 肝臓のエンドポイントを調べるヒトばく露研究が全く特定されませんでした。 動物では、肝臓の混濁腫脹はネズミで1,170mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3(1,615mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)か3,027mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3への60-90微小な露出に続いているのが観測されました。(ブラウン他 1980), ネズミ(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)の470mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3(649mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)、およびヤギ(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)の7,320mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3(1万104mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)。 肝臓効果は1,742mgのオルトリン酸/m3 15数分/日に露出されたネズミで観測されませんでした、6週間か13週間の5何日もの/週間(ブラウン他 1981). 皮膚ばく露に続いて、肝臓のエンドポイントを調べる研究が全く見つけられませんでした。
112
White Phosphorus smoke. Renal effects were not examined in the three acute-duration white phosphorus
smoke inhalation human studies (Walker et al. 1947; White and Armstrong 1935). Slight cloudy swelling
in the kidneys was observed in rats, mice, and goats exposed to white phosphorus smoke for 1 hour at
concentrations of 1,170,470, and 7,320 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3, respectively (1,615,
649, and 10,104 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong 1935). No renal lesions
were observed in rats exposed to 3,027 mg orthophosphoric acid/m3 for 90 minutes (Brown et al. 1980), or
rats exposed to 1,742 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3 15 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or
13 weeks (Brown et al. 1981). Because of differences in the exposure protocols, comparisons between the
White and Armstrong (1935) study and the Brown et al. (1980, 1981) studies cannot be made. No dermal
exposure studies examining renal effects were located.
smoke inhalation human studies (Walker et al. 1947; White and Armstrong 1935). Slight cloudy swelling
in the kidneys was observed in rats, mice, and goats exposed to white phosphorus smoke for 1 hour at
concentrations of 1,170,470, and 7,320 mg phosphorus pentoxide equivalents/m3, respectively (1,615,
649, and 10,104 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3) (White and Armstrong 1935). No renal lesions
were observed in rats exposed to 3,027 mg orthophosphoric acid/m3 for 90 minutes (Brown et al. 1980), or
rats exposed to 1,742 mg orthophosphoric acid equivalents/m3 15 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or
13 weeks (Brown et al. 1981). Because of differences in the exposure protocols, comparisons between the
White and Armstrong (1935) study and the Brown et al. (1980, 1981) studies cannot be made. No dermal
exposure studies examining renal effects were located.
黄リン煙。 腎臓の効果は3つの鋭い持続時間黄リン気道熱傷人体研究で調べられませんでした。(ウォーカー他 1947; ホワイトとアームストロング1935). 腎臓のわずかな混濁腫脹は117万470、および7,320mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3の集中のときに1時間それぞれリン煙を空白にするために露出されたネズミ、ネズミ、およびヤギ(1,615、649、および1万104mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)で観測されました。 どんな腎臓の傷害も90分間3,027mgのオルトリン酸/m3に露出されたネズミで観測されませんでした。(ブラウン他 1980), または、ネズミは6週間か13週間同等物/m3 15数分/日、5何日もの/週間を1,742mgのオルトリン酸に露出しました。(ブラウン他 1981). 露出プロトコルの違い、ホワイトとアームストロング(1935)の研究での比較、およびブラウン他 (1980, 1981) 研究を行うことができません。 腎臓の効果を調べる皮膚ばく露研究が全く見つけられませんでした。
113
Following dermal burn exposure to white phosphorus, damage to the skin has been reported in humans
and animals (Konjoyan 1983; Song et al. 1985; Summerlin et al. 1967; Walker et al. 1947). Many white
phosphorus-induced burns are second and Third degree. Burn damage to the skin tissue is believed to
result not only from heat but also from the corrosive action of phosphoric acid and the hygroscopic
(moisture-absorbing) properties of phosphorus pentoxide, which is generated by oxidation of white
phosphorus (Ben-Hur and Appelbaum 1973). Also, severe white phosphorus burns tend to heal more
slowly than other types of third-degree burns.
Rat models of acute dermal burn exposure revealed necrosis of the skin at 29 mg/kg/day (Ben-Hur et al.
1972) and 100 mg/kg/day (Ben-Hur and Appelbaum 1973), and delayed wound healing at 100 mg/kg/day.
and animals (Konjoyan 1983; Song et al. 1985; Summerlin et al. 1967; Walker et al. 1947). Many white
phosphorus-induced burns are second and Third degree. Burn damage to the skin tissue is believed to
result not only from heat but also from the corrosive action of phosphoric acid and the hygroscopic
(moisture-absorbing) properties of phosphorus pentoxide, which is generated by oxidation of white
phosphorus (Ben-Hur and Appelbaum 1973). Also, severe white phosphorus burns tend to heal more
slowly than other types of third-degree burns.
Rat models of acute dermal burn exposure revealed necrosis of the skin at 29 mg/kg/day (Ben-Hur et al.
1972) and 100 mg/kg/day (Ben-Hur and Appelbaum 1973), and delayed wound healing at 100 mg/kg/day.
黄リン煙。 腎臓の効果は3つの鋭い持続時間黄リン気道熱傷人体研究で調べられませんでした。(ウォーカー他 1947; ホワイトとアームストロング1935). 腎臓のわずかな混濁腫脹は117万470、および7,320mgの五酸化リン同等物/m3の集中のときに1時間それぞれリン煙を空白にするために露出されたネズミ、ネズミ、およびヤギ(1,615、649、および1万104mgのオルトリン酸同等物/m3)(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)で観測されました。 どんな腎臓の傷害も90分間3,027mgのオルトリン酸/m3に露出されたネズミで観測されませんでした。(ブラウン他 1980), または、ネズミは6週間か13週間同等物/m3 15数分/日、5何日もの/週間を1,742mgのオルトリン酸に露出しました。(ブラウン他 1981). 露出プロトコルの違い、ホワイトとアームストロング(1935)の研究での比較、およびブラウン他 (1980, 1981) 研究を行うことができません。 腎臓の効果を調べる皮膚ばく露研究が全く見つけられませんでした。
121
There are no known quantitative biomarkers unique to acute oral white phosphorus poisoningin an
individual. Unfortunately, the metabolism of white phosphorus is not well understood (refer to
Section 2.3 for details of metabolism). Studies that identify metabolites of white phosphorus were not
located. It seems, however, that most metabolites of white phosphorus are probably inorganic or organic
molecules that are commonly found in body tissues and fluids. Two obvious potential biomarkers of
exposure are serum and urine phosphate levels, which are parameters that are included in some routine
clinical test series. The normal range for human serum phosphate is 3.0-45 mg/l00 mL (Harper 1969), and the normal range for the rate of human urinary phosphate excretion is 0.34-1.0 g/day (Henry 1967).
individual. Unfortunately, the metabolism of white phosphorus is not well understood (refer to
Section 2.3 for details of metabolism). Studies that identify metabolites of white phosphorus were not
located. It seems, however, that most metabolites of white phosphorus are probably inorganic or organic
molecules that are commonly found in body tissues and fluids. Two obvious potential biomarkers of
exposure are serum and urine phosphate levels, which are parameters that are included in some routine
clinical test series. The normal range for human serum phosphate is 3.0-45 mg/l00 mL (Harper 1969), and the normal range for the rate of human urinary phosphate excretion is 0.34-1.0 g/day (Henry 1967).
先の尖っている口頭の黄リンpoisoninginにユニークなどんな知られている量的な生体標識もありません。個人。 残念ながら、黄リンの新陳代謝はよく理解されていません(新陳代謝の詳細についてセクション2.3を参照してください)。 黄リンの代謝物質を特定する研究が見つけられませんでした。 しかしながら、黄リンのほとんどの代謝物質がたぶん体の組織と流体で一般的に見つけられる無機的、または、有機的な分子であるように思えます。 露出の2つの明白な潜在的生体標識が、血清と尿のリン酸塩レベルです。(そのリン酸塩レベルはいくつかの通常の臨床実験シリーズに含まれているパラメタです)。 人間の血清燐酸塩のためのノーマルレンジは3.0-45mg/l00 mL(ハーパー1969)です、そして、人間の尿の燐酸塩排泄のレートのためのノーマルレンジは0.34-1.0g/日(ヘンリー1967)です。
However, the weight of evidence upon examination of pertinent data (see Sections 2.2 and 2.3) indicates
that these parameters are probably not good biomarkers of exposure. Both of them commonly have a high
degree of variability within individuals. Also, both the mean and the range of an individuals values vary
within a population of individuals. Thus, serum and urine phosphate are contraindicated as biomarkers of
exposure. An odor of garlic in the inhaled breath of an individual, possibly accompanied by a pale bluegreen
phosphorescence in the vomitus or the feces, and smoke coming out of the mouth and feces are
indicative of acute oral white phosphorus poisoning. White phosphorus itself volatilizes and produces the
metallic odor of garlic, while the phosphorescence is thought to be evolved during the oxidation of white
phosphorus to phosphorus pentoxide (Rabinowitch 1943).
that these parameters are probably not good biomarkers of exposure. Both of them commonly have a high
degree of variability within individuals. Also, both the mean and the range of an individuals values vary
within a population of individuals. Thus, serum and urine phosphate are contraindicated as biomarkers of
exposure. An odor of garlic in the inhaled breath of an individual, possibly accompanied by a pale bluegreen
phosphorescence in the vomitus or the feces, and smoke coming out of the mouth and feces are
indicative of acute oral white phosphorus poisoning. White phosphorus itself volatilizes and produces the
metallic odor of garlic, while the phosphorescence is thought to be evolved during the oxidation of white
phosphorus to phosphorus pentoxide (Rabinowitch 1943).
しかしながら、適切なデータ(セクション2.2と2.3を見る)の調査に関する証拠の重さは、これらのパラメタがたぶん露出の良い生体標識でないことを示します。 それらの両方が個人の中に一般的に高度の可変性を持っています。 また、平均と個人値の範囲の両方が個人の人口の中で異なります。 したがって、血清と尿の燐酸塩は露出の生体標識として禁忌的です。 ことによるとおう吐か糞の青ざめたbluegreen燐光によって同伴された個人の吸入された息におけるにんにくと口からの煙の来るのと糞のにおいは鋭い口頭の白いリン中毒を暗示しています。 黄リン自体は、にんにくの金属においを揮発して、生産します、黄リンの酸化の間、燐光によって五酸化リンに発展されると考えられますが(ラビノビッチ1943)。
135
White Phosphorus smoke. In humans and animals exposed to airborne white phosphorus smoke for
acute durations, the respiratory tract appears to be the most sensitive end point (Brown et al. 1980; Walker
et al. 1947; White and Armstrong 1935). An acute inhalation MRL of 0.02 mg/m3 was derived based on
throat irritation in humans (White and Armstrong 1935). Other effects observed in animals include death
and hepatic and renal effects (Brown et al. 1980; White and Armstrong 1935). These studies have several
limitations; a limited number of end points were examined in the White and Armstrong (1935) study, and
animals were held for 2 weeks following exposure termination in the Bowen et al. (1980) study. In
addition, these studies expressed air concentrations in terms of orthophosphoric acid or phosphorus
pentoxide equivalent concentrations making it difficult to assess the health risk to humans following
exposure to white phosphorus smoke. Acute-duration inhalation exposure studies examining a number of
end points would be useful in assessing human health risk. No acute-duration dermal exposure studies
were located. Dermal exposure studies examining a number of end points would be useful in determining
the targets of white phosphorus smoke toxicity.
acute durations, the respiratory tract appears to be the most sensitive end point (Brown et al. 1980; Walker
et al. 1947; White and Armstrong 1935). An acute inhalation MRL of 0.02 mg/m3 was derived based on
throat irritation in humans (White and Armstrong 1935). Other effects observed in animals include death
and hepatic and renal effects (Brown et al. 1980; White and Armstrong 1935). These studies have several
limitations; a limited number of end points were examined in the White and Armstrong (1935) study, and
animals were held for 2 weeks following exposure termination in the Bowen et al. (1980) study. In
addition, these studies expressed air concentrations in terms of orthophosphoric acid or phosphorus
pentoxide equivalent concentrations making it difficult to assess the health risk to humans following
exposure to white phosphorus smoke. Acute-duration inhalation exposure studies examining a number of
end points would be useful in assessing human health risk. No acute-duration dermal exposure studies
were located. Dermal exposure studies examining a number of end points would be useful in determining
the targets of white phosphorus smoke toxicity.
黄リン煙。 鋭い持続時間のために空中黄リン煙にさらされた人間と動物では、気道は、最も敏感なエンドポイントであるように見えます。(ブラウン他 1980; ウォーカー他 1947; ホワイトとアームストロング1935). 0.02mg/m3の急性吸入MRLは人間(ホワイトとアームストロング1935)ののどの炎症に基づいて引き出されました。 動物で観測された他の効果は死と肝臓の、そして、腎臓の効果を含んでいます。(ブラウン他 1980; ホワイトとアームストロング1935). これらの研究には、いくつかの制限があります。 限られた数のエンドポイントがホワイトで調べられました、そして、アームストロング(1935)は研究します、そして、動物はボーエン他で露出終了に続く2週間維持されました。 (1980) 研究してください。 さらに、これらの研究はリン煙を空白にするために露出に続いて、人間への健康上のリスクを評価するのを難しくするオルトリン酸か五酸化リンの同等な集中で空気集中を言い表しました。 多くのエンドポイントを調べる鋭い持続時間吸入暴露研究は人間の健康上のリスクを評価する際に役に立つでしょう。 鋭い持続時間皮膚ばく露研究は全く見つけられませんでした。 多くのエンドポイントを調べる皮膚ばく露研究は黄リン煙の毒性の目標を決定する際に役に立つでしょう。
145
The U.S. Army uses at least two phosphorus-based smoke/obscurants for training and testing activities
(Shinn et al. 1985). One such agent is white phosphorus/felt (WP/F), and the other is red
phosphorus/butyl rubber (Spanggord et al. 1985). WP/F consists of 75-80% white phosphorus solidified
into a cellulose (felt) matrix (20-25%). When WP/F is burnt, besides unburnt white phosphorus, the
smoke consists primarily of oxidation and hydrolysis products of phosphorus. For example, when white
phosphorus burns in air it produces oxides of phosphorus including phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10, and
phosphorus trioxide (P406).
(Shinn et al. 1985). One such agent is white phosphorus/felt (WP/F), and the other is red
phosphorus/butyl rubber (Spanggord et al. 1985). WP/F consists of 75-80% white phosphorus solidified
into a cellulose (felt) matrix (20-25%). When WP/F is burnt, besides unburnt white phosphorus, the
smoke consists primarily of oxidation and hydrolysis products of phosphorus. For example, when white
phosphorus burns in air it produces oxides of phosphorus including phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10, and
phosphorus trioxide (P406).
米軍はトレーニングとテスト活動に少なくとも2人のリンベースの煙/反啓蒙主義者を使用します。(シン他 1985). そのようなエージェントのひとりは黄リン/感じられます、そして、(WP/F)もう片方が赤リン/ブチルゴムです。(Spanggord他 1985). WP/Fはセルロースの(感じられる)のマトリクス(20-25%)の中に固められた75-80%の黄リンから成ります。 WP/Fが未燃焼の黄リン以外に燃えるとき、煙は主としてリンの酸化と加水分解生成物から成ります。 例えば、五酸化リンを含んでいて、黄リンが空気中で燃えると、それはリンの酸化物を作り出します。(P4O10、およびリン三酸化物(P406)。
These oxides react with moisture present in air to form a number of
phosphorus-containing acids, such as orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7),
orthophosphorus acid (H3PO3), hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2), polyphosphoric acid of the general formula
Hn+2PnO3n+1, where n=2-8, and a homologous series of linear and cyclic P6-P16 polyphosphates (Spanggord
et al. 1983; Tolle et al. 1988). The composition of white phosphorus smoke will change with time
(Spanggord et al. 1988). In the absence of stoichiometric quantities of oxygen, phosphine (PH3) may form
in WP/F smoke from the reaction of unreacted phosphorus with moisture in air (Spanggord et al. 1983).
phosphorus-containing acids, such as orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7),
orthophosphorus acid (H3PO3), hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2), polyphosphoric acid of the general formula
Hn+2PnO3n+1, where n=2-8, and a homologous series of linear and cyclic P6-P16 polyphosphates (Spanggord
et al. 1983; Tolle et al. 1988). The composition of white phosphorus smoke will change with time
(Spanggord et al. 1988). In the absence of stoichiometric quantities of oxygen, phosphine (PH3) may form
in WP/F smoke from the reaction of unreacted phosphorus with moisture in air (Spanggord et al. 1983).
湿気が存在していた状態で、これらの酸化物は多くのリンを含む酸を形成するために空気中で反応します、オルトリン酸(H3PO4)などのように、ピロリン酸(H4P2O7)、orthophosphorus酸(H3PO3)、hypophosphorus酸(H3PO2)、一般的公式Hn+2PnO3n+1のもののポリリン酸、どこn=2-8、および相同のシリーズの直線的で周期的なP6-P16ポリリン酸塩(Spanggord他 1983; テレ他 1988). 黄リン煙の構成は時間を交換するでしょう。(Spanggord他 1988). 酸素の化学量論的量がないとき、燐化水素(PH3)はWP/F煙の中に空気における湿気との非反応リンの反応から形成されるかもしれません。(Spanggord他 1983).
159
The combustion of white phosphorus felt or red phosphorus butyl rubber will produce smoke. smoke is
an aerosol comprised of oxides of phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide and phosphorus trioxide), some of
their transformation products (see Section 3.2), and a small amount of unburnt phosphorus. The aerosol
components in the smoke will undergo dispersion and chemical transformation in air to form acids or
phosphorus, and will ultimately deposit from air to the hydrosphere and the lithosphere. The main
components of the aerosol deposited over water and soil are acids of phosphorus. Under oxidizing
conditions in soil and water, phosphorus acids will be transformed to phosphate or polyphosphates. Under
reducing conditions, the disproportionation reaction of phosphorus acid can produce phosphine, and the
gas may be released to the atmosphere. The fate of deposited unburnt phosphorus in water and soil has
already been discussed in the preceding paragraph.
an aerosol comprised of oxides of phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide and phosphorus trioxide), some of
their transformation products (see Section 3.2), and a small amount of unburnt phosphorus. The aerosol
components in the smoke will undergo dispersion and chemical transformation in air to form acids or
phosphorus, and will ultimately deposit from air to the hydrosphere and the lithosphere. The main
components of the aerosol deposited over water and soil are acids of phosphorus. Under oxidizing
conditions in soil and water, phosphorus acids will be transformed to phosphate or polyphosphates. Under
reducing conditions, the disproportionation reaction of phosphorus acid can produce phosphine, and the
gas may be released to the atmosphere. The fate of deposited unburnt phosphorus in water and soil has
already been discussed in the preceding paragraph.
黄リンの感じられたか赤のリンブチルゴムの燃焼は煙を出すでしょう。 煙はリン(五酸化リンとリン三酸化物)の酸化物、それらの変化製品(セクション3.2を見る)、および少量の未燃焼のリンからいくらか成るエアゾールです。 煙の中のエアロゾル成分は、酸かリンを形成するために空気中で分散と化学変化を受けて、結局空気から水圏までの預金と岩圏を受けるでしょう。 水と土の上に預けられたエアゾールの主なコンポーネントはリンの酸です。 土と水で状態を酸化させる下では、リン酸は燐酸塩かポリリン酸塩に変えられるでしょう。 減少条件のもとでは、リン酸の不均化反応は燐化水素を作り出すことができます、そして、ガスは大気にリリースされるかもしれません。 先行のパラグラフで既に水と土の預けられた未燃焼のリンの運命について議論しました。
