have(dictionary) - ナノ英語辞書 @Wiki

haveトップへ

辞典の定義

Longman wordwise 初級向けなので機能２（使役）がない！

have

1. in the past: 機能３に対応

used with the past particle of a verb to say that something happened in the past:

 Have you met her friend Laura?
 He's seen 'Star Wars' six times.
 I've been so worried.

2. appearance, qualities, features: (also have got) 機能１に対応だけど抽象的． こちらの方がよく使う．

used to say what someone or something looks like or what their qualities or features are:

 Mar has brown hair and green eyes.
 London has a lot of good resaurants.
 She had a lot of patience.
 Your sweater's got a hole in the sleeve

(Don't say: I am having, she is having etc. Say: I have, she has etc.)

3. to own or use something: (also have got) 機能１に対応．一番なじみのある意味

 It was cold, and I didn't have my jacket.
 Do you have a computer?
 Philip's got a new bike.
 Have you got any tomatoes [[for]] the salad?
 She said she would help if she has time.

(Don't say: I am having, she is having etc. Say: I have, she has etc.)

4. to do or experience something: 機能１に対応． これは動作をするというような使い方

 I hope you have a good journey.
 She has an English class on Tuesday nights.
 Dad has a cup of coffee and toast for breakfast.
 We had a lot of fun at the park.
 Jackie and Doug had an argument.
 He hasn't got the flu - it's just a cold.
 Did you have a good day?

5. to have family or friends: 機能１に対応． これだけ分けている意味がよくわからないけど． まあ「持つ」というより「いる」という感じ．

 The Harrisons have three children.
 Emma has a lot of friends.
 I've got a sister and two brothers.
 She's got some family in Aberdeen.

• Have and have got アメリカ英語ではどうなんだろう

In spoken British English, have got is more common than have and is used to mean the same things. Have got and had got are usually used in their short forms: I've got, she's got, we'd got, he'd got etc.

• Questions and negative sentences

Use do with have:

 She doesn't have a lot of time.
 He doesn't have a car.
 Did she have time to finish it?
 Do you have a car?

You can also use have got to form questions and haven't got to form negative sentences, especially in British English:

 She hasn't got a lot of time.
 He hasn't got a car.
 Has she got time to finish it?
 Have you got a car?

• Most common words used with have:

have fun	have a meeting	have dinner	have an argument
have a problem	have a holiday	have a drink	have a discussion
have a trouble	have a bath	have a rest	have a party
have lunch	have a cold	have a dream	have a headache

• Phrases

have [got] to do something （しなければならない）

if you have to do something, you must do it:

 I have to go to work now.
 You've got to talk to him.
 You don't have to answer all the questions.
 Stan's got to be at the airport by seven.

had better do something: (spoken) （したほうがよい）

say this when telling someone what is the best thing to do: You'd better get dressed. - it's almost time to go.

 I'd better check that the doors are locked.

may I have...?, could I have...?, I'll have... etc.: (spoken) （○○をくださいの丁寧な言い方）

say this to ask someone politely for something:

 Dad, may I have a chocolate bar?
 I'll have a cheese sandwich, please.

Usage

When you are asking someone for something, don't say "I want", because it is not polite. Instead say, I would like or May I have/Could I have? People often say Can I have?, but many teachers think this is incorrect.

Longman Active study 思いっきり誤植を発見！

have(1)

機能３に対応

1. used with the past participle of a verb to make the perfect tenses: 完了形

 Have you seen the new Disney movie?
 She had lived in Peru for thirty years.

2. used with some modal verbs and a past participle to make a past modal: 助動詞とセットで過去をあらわす

 Carrie should have been nicer.
 I must've left my wallet at home.

3. had better: したほうがいい

used to say what is the best thing to do:

 You'd better [[take]] the cake [[out]] of the oven.
 I'd better phone and say we'll be late.

4. have had it: (spoken)（辞書によって微妙に意味が違いますね）

used to say that something or someone is in a very bad state and will not be able to continue:

 I think the car's had it.

よくわからなかったのでほかの辞書からの引用： BBC English dictionary : If you have had it, you mean that you are too exhausted to continue with what you were doing

 They both look as if they've [[about]] had it.

Collins cobuild : If you say that someone has had it, you mean they are in very serious trouble or have no hope of succeeding; an informal expression.

 Unless she loses some weight, she's had it...
 He wants actors who can speak Welsh.
 Obviously I've had it.

5. I've had it with: (spoken)

used when you are annoyed by someone or something and do not want to deal with them any more:

 I've had it with this job. I'm leaving!

6. (編集ミスと思われる： here and there がなぜかここにある)

have(2)

機能１，２に対応

1. also have got (Wordwise 2 対応)

used to say what someone or something looks like, or what features they possess:

 He's got brown eyes and dark hair.
 Japan has a population of [[over]] 120 million.

2. also have got (Wordwise 3 対応)

to own something, or be able to use something:

 Kurt had a nice bike, but it got stolen.
 Does she have a CD player?

3. to eat, drink, or smoke something: (Wordwise 4 対応)

 Let's go and have a beer.
 We're having steak tonight.
 [have lunch/breakfast/dinner etc.]
 What time do you usually have lunch?

4. to experience or do something. (Wordwise 4 対応)

 [have problems/trouble etc.]
 I'm having problems using this fax machine.
 [have fun]
 The kids had great fun at the theme park.
 [have a meeting/party]
 Let's have a party!
 [have a holiday/bath/wash etc.]
 I'll just have a quick wash before we leave.

5. (BrE) also have got (Wordwise 3 対応？ ちょっと違うか)

to receive something such as a letter, information or advice.

 Have you had any news [[from]] Michael?

6. also have got （ある状態を保つ，「になっている」という感じ）

to keep something in a particular position or state:

 He had his eyes closed.
 You've always got the TV on so loud.

7. may I have/can I have/I'll have (spoken) (Wordwise の phrases にある． でもこちらは思いっきり can を許容している)

used when you are asking for something:

 I'll have two hot dogs, please.

8. have a friend/sister/uncle etc. also have got (BrE) (Wordwise 5 に対応．やっぱり血のつながりは大事？)

 Julie had six brothers.

9. also have got （「持つ」というより「ある」という感じ）

to be allowed a particular amount of time to do something:

 You have 30 minutes to finish the test.

10. also have got

to become ill or be injured in a particular way: （これは 6 の意味に近いと思うんだけど）

 Sheila's had the flu for a week.
 He's got a broken leg.

11. also have got （「持っている」感じ． 2 との違いが微妙）

to be carrying something with you:

 Watch out! He's got a gun.
 [have something on you]
 How much money have you on you?

12. also have got (頭の中に持っている感じですね)

to think of something:

 Wait, I've got an idea.
 She had many happy memories of her time in Japan.

13. have something ready/done etc. （やっと使役（機能２）登場）

to make something ready, or finish something.

 They promised to have the job done by Friday.

14. have a baby （なんでこの項目が？ まあ産まれたっていうのがポイント？）

if a woman has a baby, it is born from her body:

 Sasha's had twins!

15. have your hair cut/have your house painted etc. (使役です． お金を払うイメージなんですね)

to pay someone to cut your hair, paint your house etc.

16. also have got (especially BrE) （お客様がいる感じ． アメリカでは使わないの？）

to be with someone, or be visited by someone:

 Sorry, I didn't realize you had guests.
 We're having people to dinner.

17. have(got) it in for somebody (spoken) （嫌い・憎いという感じ？）

to want to harm someone:

 Dean's teacher has really got it in for him.

18. have nothing against

used to say that you do not dislike someone or something:

 I have nothing against hard work, but this is ridiculous 

→ see also "be had" (to be tricked or made to look stupid)

 She had the feeling she'd been had. (had ３連発！)

• Phrases

have sth/sb on

1. also have got sth on (BrE) (アメリカでは be weaing なのかな)

to be wearing something

 Mark had on a denim jacket.

2. be having sb on (BrE) (だます？ アメリカでは deceive, take in?)

to make someone believe something that is not true:

 He said he was the Managing Director? He was having you on!

have sth out （生々しいっすね）

1. to have something removed from your body, usually by a medical operation.

 She had her appendix out last year.

2. have it out with sb (informal) （欧米人の得意な＾＾議論し尽くすという感じ）

to talk to someone directly and honestly about something bad they have done or a problem they have caused:

 I think it's time you had it out with Richard.

have(3)

have to の用法 ４つに分かれているが違いがわからん

1. if you have to do something, you must do it because someone makes you do it, or a situation makes it necessary:

 You don't have to answer all the questions.
 Susan hates having to get up early.

2. used to say that it is important that something happens:

 You have to believe me!
 There has to be an end to all this violence.

3. used to tell someone how to do something. (これは must の意味は弱いですね)

 First you have to take the wheel [[off]].

4. used to say that you are sure that something will happen or is true:

 He has to be lying - there's no other explanation.

• Usage Note: have to, have got to, and must 使い分け

Use all of these to talk about what it is necessary to do. Use have to to say that something is necessary, and you do not have a choice about it: （ほかに選択肢なしってことか）

 I'm sorry - I have to go now.
 He has to work late tonight.

Use must to say that something is necessary, and that you know it is a good idea. （いいことは must ってか）

 I really must study harder.
 We must visit Grandma sometime soon.

Use have got instead of have to or must in order to emphasize how important something is:

 I've got to talk to him.

The past tense of have to, have got to, and must is had to: （過去にしたら全部おんなじってことですか）

 I had to talk to him.