DynagenでCCIEを目指す
INE Workbook Volume I QoS 確認トラフィックの生成 (3) MQC frame relay
最終更新：
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- 10.47 MQC Header Compress
- 10.48 Using Class-Based GTS for FRTS
- 10.49 MQC Based Frame-Relay DE-Marking
- 10.50 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
- 10.51 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
- 10.52 MQC Based Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
- 10.53 Voice Adaptive Traffic Shaping
- 10.54 Voice Adaptive Fragmentation
- 10.55 MLPPP LFI over Frame Relay
- 10.56 QoS Pre-Classify
10.47 MQC Header Compress
以下の要領でRTP packetを生成します。
R1: ip sla monitor responder R3: ip sla monitor 1 type jitter dest-ipaddr 155.8.13.1 dest-port 16384 source-ipaddr 155.8.13.3 source-port 16384 codec g729a timeout 500 frequency 1 ip sla monitor schedule 1 life forever start-time now
RTR packetが圧縮された事を確認します。
Rack8R3#show policy-map interface
Serial1/2
Service-policy output: PMAP_S12_OUT
Class-map: CMAP_VOICE (match-all)
15771 packets, 1009684 bytes
30 second offered rate 23000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: access-group name ACL_VOICE
compress:
header ip rtp
UDP/RTP (compression on, IPHC, RTP)
Sent: 15742 total, 15632 compressed,
328272 bytes saved, 616588 bytes sent
1.53 efficiency improvement factor
99% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max
rate 14000 bps
Queueing
Strict Priority
Output Queue: Conversation 40
Bandwidth 24 (kbps) Burst 600 (Bytes)
(pkts matched/bytes matched) 9506/410743
(total drops/bytes drops) 28/1792
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
469 packets, 415932 bytes
30 second offered rate 30000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
Rack8R3#
10.48 Using Class-Based GTS for FRTS
以下の通信を発生させます。理想は"想定通りの帯域に制限されているか"の確認ですが、frame relay網が低速であるため確認できません。policy-mapのカウンタ上昇から想定通りの分類がなされているかのみを確認します。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
| R3 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
R2: Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! R3: Rack8R3#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
カウンタが想定通りに上昇し、分類が想定通りである事を確認します。
R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface Serial 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0
Service-policy output: PMAP_S000_OUT
Class-map: CMAP_PVC503 (match-all)
144172 packets, 14993888 bytes
30 second offered rate 68000 bps, drop rate 52000 bps
Match: fr-dlci 503
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/124654/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 19518/2029872
shape (peak) cir 64000, bc 6400, be 6400
target shape rate 128000
lower bound cir 0, adapt to fecn 0
Class-map: CMAP_PVC502 (match-all)
7144 packets, 742976 bytes
30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: fr-dlci 502
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 7144/742976
shape (peak) cir 128000, bc 12800, be 12800
target shape rate 256000
lower bound cir 0, adapt to fecn 0
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
69289 packets, 50086683 bytes
30 second offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/66983/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 2510/942430
Rack8R5#
10.49 MQC Based Frame-Relay DE-Marking
以下の通信を発生させ、DE bitが付与されている事を確認します。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
R2: Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! R2: Rack8R2#show frame-relay pvc 205 PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE) DLCI = 205, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0 input pkts 13746 output pkts 11502 in bytes 3046988 out bytes 1312924 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0 out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 662 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2243 out bcast bytes 349988 5 minute input rate 11000 bits/sec, 14 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 12000 bits/sec, 15 packets/sec pvc create time 05:46:09, last time pvc status changed 05:45:40 Rack8R2#
10.50 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
以下の通信を発生させ、想定通りのカウンタが上昇している事を確認します。帯域制限やECNs発生は再現が非常に難しいので、確認を省略します。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | R2 | Prec 0 | HTTP |
| R2 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
R2: interface Serial0/0 load-interval 30 frame-relay interface-dlci 205 load-interval 30 ! ip http server ip http path flash: R5: ip http client password cisco ! Rack8R5#copy http://155.8.0.2/c2600-adventerprisek9-mz.124-10.bin null: Loading http://155.8.0.2/c2600-adventerprisek9-mz.124-10.bin !! R2: Rack8SW2#ping 155.8.0.2 repeat 99999999 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!
カウンタ上昇から、想定通りの分類がなされている事を確認します。
R2:
Rack8R2#show frame-relay pvc 205
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 205, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0
input pkts 16800 output pkts 13412 in bytes 3321043
out bytes 3308113 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 1043 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 2380 out bcast bytes 371360
30 second input rate 4000 bits/sec, 10 packets/sec
30 second output rate 56000 bits/sec, 6 packets/sec
Shaping adapts to BECN
pvc create time 06:07:17, last time pvc status changed 06:06:48
cir 512000 bc 5120 be 0 byte limit 640 interval 10
mincir 256000 byte increment 640 Adaptive Shaping BECN
pkts 1827 bytes 1982241 pkts delayed 497 bytes delayed 451089
shaping inactive
traffic shaping drops 0
service policy PMAP_PVC205_CBWFQ
Serial0/0: DLCI 205 -
Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC205_CBWFQ
Class-map: CMAP_HTTP (match-all)
1395 packets, 1942573 bytes
30 second offered rate 57000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: protocol http
Queueing
Output Queue: Conversation 41
Bandwidth 64 (kbps)Max Threshold 64 (packets)
(pkts matched/bytes matched) 340/436849
(depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
423 packets, 45692 bytes
30 second offered rate 1000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
Queueing
Output Queue: Conversation 42
Bandwidth 192 (kbps)Max Threshold 64 (packets)
(pkts matched/bytes matched) 161/16952
(depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
Output queue size 0/max total 600/drops 0
Rack8R2#
10.51 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
以下の通信を発生させ、フラグメントの有無を確認します。この場合はframe relay headerが2byteなので、それぞれのパケットサイズは480byte, 481byteになります。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | R1 | Prec 0 | ping size 478 |
| R5 | R2 | Prec 0 | ping size 479 |
478byte(headerを含めると480byte)のpingと、479byte(headerを含めると481byte)のpingを発生させます。
R5: Rack8R5#ping 155.8.0.1 size 478 repeat 10 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 10, 478-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 244/247/248 ms Rack8R5# Rack8R5#ping 155.8.0.2 size 479 repeat 10 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 10, 479-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 252/257/292 ms Rack8R5#
R2へのpingのみfragmentが発生している事を確認します。PVC502が他PVCに比べて、フラグメントされたパケットのカウンタが多く上昇している事を確認します。
R5: Rack8R5#show frame-relay fragment interface dlci frag-type size in-frag out-frag dropped-frag Se0/0/0 501 end-to-end 480 0 10 0 Se0/0/0 502 end-to-end 480 20 30 0 Se0/0/0 503 end-to-end 480 0 10 0 Se0/0/0 504 end-to-end 480 0 10 0 Se0/0/0 513 end-to-end 480 0 0 0 Rack8R5#
10.52 MQC Based Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
以下の通信を発生させ、想定通りのカウンタが上昇している事を確認します。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
| R3 | R5 | Prec 0 | ping |
R2: Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! R3: Rack8R3#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
カウンタ上昇から、想定通りの分類がなされている事を確認します。
R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface
Serial0/0/0: DLCI 502 -
Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC502
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
6996 packets, 767404 bytes
30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 6996/767404
shape (peak) cir 256000, bc 12800, be 12800
target shape rate 512000
lower bound cir 256000, adapt to fecn 0
QoS Set
fr-de
Packets marked 6996
Serial0/0/0: DLCI 503 -
Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC503
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
6555 packets, 720816 bytes
30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 6555/720816
shape (peak) cir 128000, bc 6400, be 6400
target shape rate 256000
lower bound cir 128000, adapt to fecn 0
Rack8R5#
10.53 Voice Adaptive Traffic Shaping
以下の通信を発生させ、Voice Adaptive Shapingが有効になる事を確認します。
| src | dst | Prec, DSCP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | R2 | DSCP EF | ping |
この問題では"VoiceはDSCP EFにマークされている"との仮定があります。DSCP DEのpingで、疑似的なVoiceを再現します。
R5: Rack8R5#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 155.8.0.2 Repeat count [5]: 999 Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: 0 Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: Type of service [0]: 184 Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: Validate reply data? [no]: Data pattern [0xABCD]: Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Sweep range of sizes [n]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 0 seconds: ...................................................................... ...................................................................... ......................................................................
LLQにpacketが格納されてから、Voice Adaptive Shapingが30秒間有効になる事を確認します。
R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface
Serial0/0/0: DLCI 502 -
Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC502
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
16135 packets, 1825736 bytes
30 second offered rate 26000 bps, drop rate 44000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/1798/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 116/17856
shape (peak) cir 256000, bc 12800, be 12800
target shape rate 512000
lower bound cir 256000, adapt to fecn 0
Voice Adaptive Shaping active, time left 20 secs
QoS Set
fr-de
Packets marked 16135
omitted
Rack8R5#
10.54 Voice Adaptive Fragmentation
前問と同様のDSCP EFのpingを発生した後に、Voice Adaptive Fragmentationが30秒間有効になる事を確認します。
R5: Rack8R5#show frame-relay pvc 502 PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE) DLCI = 502, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0 input pkts 15394 output pkts 15754 in bytes 1623378 out bytes 1904598 dropped pkts 2699 in pkts dropped 0 out pkts dropped 2699 out bytes dropped 280696 late-dropped out pkts 2699 late-dropped out bytes 280696 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 18213 out bcast pkts 716 out bcast bytes 333656 5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec pvc create time 08:16:20, last time pvc status changed 08:16:02 shaping inactive fragment type end-to-end fragment size 480 adaptive active, time left 23 secs Rack8R5#
10.55 MLPPP LFI over Frame Relay
TODO かなりの難問ですので後回しにします。
10.56 QoS Pre-Classify
TODO 模範解答は64Kbpsを保証していないように見えます
