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INE Workbook Volume I QoS 確認トラフィックの生成 (3) MQC frame relay

最終更新：2011年08月15日 19:42

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10.47 MQC Header Compress
10.48 Using Class-Based GTS for FRTS
10.49 MQC Based Frame-Relay DE-Marking
10.50 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
10.51 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS
10.52 MQC Based Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
10.53 Voice Adaptive Traffic Shaping
10.54 Voice Adaptive Fragmentation
10.55 MLPPP LFI over Frame Relay
10.56 QoS Pre-Classify

10.47 MQC Header Compress

以下の要領でRTP packetを生成します。

 R1:
ip sla monitor responder

 R3:
ip sla monitor 1
 type jitter dest-ipaddr 155.8.13.1 dest-port 16384 source-ipaddr 155.8.13.3 source-port 16384 codec g729a
  timeout 500
  frequency 1
ip sla monitor schedule 1 life forever start-time now

RTR packetが圧縮された事を確認します。

Rack8R3#show policy-map interface
 Serial1/2

  Service-policy output: PMAP_S12_OUT

    Class-map: CMAP_VOICE (match-all)
      15771 packets, 1009684 bytes
      30 second offered rate 23000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: access-group name ACL_VOICE
      compress:
          header ip rtp
          UDP/RTP (compression on, IPHC, RTP)
            Sent:    15742 total, 15632 compressed,
                     328272 bytes saved, 616588 bytes sent
                     1.53 efficiency improvement factor
                     99% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max
                     rate 14000 bps

      Queueing
        Strict Priority
        Output Queue: Conversation 40
        Bandwidth 24 (kbps) Burst 600 (Bytes)
        (pkts matched/bytes matched) 9506/410743
        (total drops/bytes drops) 28/1792

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      469 packets, 415932 bytes
      30 second offered rate 30000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: any
Rack8R3#

10.48 Using Class-Based GTS for FRTS

以下の通信を発生させます。理想は"想定通りの帯域に制限されているか"の確認ですが、frame relay網が低速であるため確認できません。policy-mapのカウンタ上昇から想定通りの分類がなされているかのみを確認します。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R2	R5	Prec 0	ping
R3	R5	Prec 0	ping

 R2:
Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 R3:
Rack8R3#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

カウンタが想定通りに上昇し、分類が想定通りである事を確認します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface Serial 0/0/0

 Serial0/0/0

  Service-policy output: PMAP_S000_OUT

    Class-map: CMAP_PVC503 (match-all)
      144172 packets, 14993888 bytes
      30 second offered rate 68000 bps, drop rate 52000 bps
      Match: fr-dlci 503
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/124654/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 19518/2029872
      shape (peak) cir 64000, bc 6400, be 6400
      target shape rate 128000
        lower bound cir 0,  adapt to fecn 0

    Class-map: CMAP_PVC502 (match-all)
      7144 packets, 742976 bytes
      30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: fr-dlci 502
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 7144/742976
      shape (peak) cir 128000, bc 12800, be 12800
      target shape rate 256000
        lower bound cir 0,  adapt to fecn 0

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      69289 packets, 50086683 bytes
      30 second offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: any

      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/66983/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 2510/942430
Rack8R5#

10.49 MQC Based Frame-Relay DE-Marking

以下の通信を発生させ、DE bitが付与されている事を確認します。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R2	R5	Prec 0	ping

 R2:
Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999 timeout 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 1 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 R2:
Rack8R2#show frame-relay pvc 205

PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 205, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0

  input pkts 13746         output pkts 11502        in bytes 3046988
  out bytes 1312924        dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 662           out DE pkts 0
  out bcast pkts 2243      out bcast bytes 349988
  5 minute input rate 11000 bits/sec, 14 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 12000 bits/sec, 15 packets/sec
  pvc create time 05:46:09, last time pvc status changed 05:45:40
Rack8R2#

10.50 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS

以下の通信を発生させ、想定通りのカウンタが上昇している事を確認します。帯域制限やECNs発生は再現が非常に難しいので、確認を省略します。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R5	R2	Prec 0	HTTP
R2	R5	Prec 0	ping

 R2:
interface Serial0/0
 load-interval 30
 frame-relay interface-dlci 205
  load-interval 30
!
ip http server
ip http path flash:

 R5:
ip http client password cisco
!
Rack8R5#copy http://155.8.0.2/c2600-adventerprisek9-mz.124-10.bin null:
Loading http://155.8.0.2/c2600-adventerprisek9-mz.124-10.bin !!

 R2:
Rack8SW2#ping 155.8.0.2 repeat 99999999

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!

カウンタ上昇から、想定通りの分類がなされている事を確認します。

 R2:
Rack8R2#show frame-relay pvc 205

PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 205, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0

  input pkts 16800         output pkts 13412        in bytes 3321043
  out bytes 3308113        dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 1043          out DE pkts 0
  out bcast pkts 2380      out bcast bytes 371360
  30 second input rate 4000 bits/sec, 10 packets/sec
  30 second output rate 56000 bits/sec, 6 packets/sec
  Shaping adapts to BECN
  pvc create time 06:07:17, last time pvc status changed 06:06:48
  cir 512000    bc 5120      be 0         byte limit 640    interval 10
  mincir 256000    byte increment 640   Adaptive Shaping BECN
  pkts 1827      bytes 1982241   pkts delayed 497       bytes delayed 451089
  shaping inactive
  traffic shaping drops 0
  service policy PMAP_PVC205_CBWFQ
 Serial0/0: DLCI 205 -

  Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC205_CBWFQ

    Class-map: CMAP_HTTP (match-all)
      1395 packets, 1942573 bytes
      30 second offered rate 57000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: protocol http
      Queueing
        Output Queue: Conversation 41
        Bandwidth 64 (kbps)Max Threshold 64 (packets)
        (pkts matched/bytes matched) 340/436849
        (depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      423 packets, 45692 bytes
      30 second offered rate 1000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: any
      Queueing
        Output Queue: Conversation 42
        Bandwidth 192 (kbps)Max Threshold 64 (packets)
        (pkts matched/bytes matched) 161/16952
        (depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
  Output queue size 0/max total 600/drops 0
Rack8R2#

10.51 Using MQC CBWFQ with Legacy FRTS

以下の通信を発生させ、フラグメントの有無を確認します。この場合はframe relay headerが2byteなので、それぞれのパケットサイズは480byte, 481byteになります。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R5	R1	Prec 0	ping size 478
R5	R2	Prec 0	ping size 479

478byte(headerを含めると480byte)のpingと、479byte(headerを含めると481byte)のpingを発生させます。

 R5:
Rack8R5#ping 155.8.0.1 size 478 repeat 10

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10, 478-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 244/247/248 ms
Rack8R5#

Rack8R5#ping 155.8.0.2 size 479 repeat 10

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10, 479-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 252/257/292 ms
Rack8R5#

R2へのpingのみfragmentが発生している事を確認します。PVC502が他PVCに比べて、フラグメントされたパケットのカウンタが多く上昇している事を確認します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#show frame-relay fragment
interface                dlci frag-type  size in-frag    out-frag   dropped-frag
Se0/0/0                  501  end-to-end 480  0          10         0
Se0/0/0                  502  end-to-end 480  20         30         0
Se0/0/0                  503  end-to-end 480  0          10         0
Se0/0/0                  504  end-to-end 480  0          10         0
Se0/0/0                  513  end-to-end 480  0          0          0
Rack8R5#

10.52 MQC Based Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping

以下の通信を発生させ、想定通りのカウンタが上昇している事を確認します。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R2	R5	Prec 0	ping
R3	R5	Prec 0	ping

 R2:
Rack8R2#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 R3:
Rack8R3#ping 155.8.0.5 repeat 99999999

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 99999999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

カウンタ上昇から、想定通りの分類がなされている事を確認します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface
 Serial0/0/0: DLCI 502 -

  Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC502

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      6996 packets, 767404 bytes
      30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: any
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 6996/767404
      shape (peak) cir 256000, bc 12800, be 12800
      target shape rate 512000
        lower bound cir 256000,  adapt to fecn 0
      QoS Set
        fr-de
          Packets marked 6996
 Serial0/0/0: DLCI 503 -

  Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC503

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      6555 packets, 720816 bytes
      30 second offered rate 13000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: any
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 6555/720816
      shape (peak) cir 128000, bc 6400, be 6400
      target shape rate 256000
        lower bound cir 128000,  adapt to fecn 0
Rack8R5#

10.53 Voice Adaptive Traffic Shaping

以下の通信を発生させ、Voice Adaptive Shapingが有効になる事を確認します。

src	dst	Prec, DSCP
R5	R2	DSCP EF	ping

この問題では"VoiceはDSCP EFにマークされている"との仮定があります。DSCP DEのpingで、疑似的なVoiceを再現します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 155.8.0.2
Repeat count [5]: 999
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]: 0
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface:
Type of service [0]: 184
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 155.8.0.2, timeout is 0 seconds:
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................

LLQにpacketが格納されてから、Voice Adaptive Shapingが30秒間有効になる事を確認します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#show policy-map interface
 Serial0/0/0: DLCI 502 -

  Service-policy output: PMAP_PVC502

    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      16135 packets, 1825736 bytes
      30 second offered rate 26000 bps, drop rate 44000 bps
      Match: any
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/1798/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 116/17856
      shape (peak) cir 256000, bc 12800, be 12800
      target shape rate 512000
        lower bound cir 256000,  adapt to fecn 0
        Voice Adaptive Shaping active, time left 20 secs
      QoS Set
        fr-de
          Packets marked 16135

      omitted

Rack8R5#

10.54 Voice Adaptive Fragmentation

前問と同様のDSCP EFのpingを発生した後に、Voice Adaptive Fragmentationが30秒間有効になる事を確認します。

 R5:
Rack8R5#show frame-relay pvc 502

PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 502, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0

  input pkts 15394         output pkts 15754        in bytes 1623378
  out bytes 1904598        dropped pkts 2699        in pkts dropped 0
  out pkts dropped 2699             out bytes dropped 280696
  late-dropped out pkts 2699        late-dropped out bytes 280696
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 18213
  out bcast pkts 716       out bcast bytes 333656
  5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
  pvc create time 08:16:20, last time pvc status changed 08:16:02
  shaping inactive
  fragment type end-to-end fragment size 480 adaptive active, time left 23 secs
Rack8R5#

10.55 MLPPP LFI over Frame Relay

TODO かなりの難問ですので後回しにします。

10.56 QoS Pre-Classify

TODO 模範解答は64Kbpsを保証していないように見えます

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