Economist Nov 16th, 2017
Climate scientists and campaigners purred. Politicians patted themselves on the back.
purr 猫がゴロゴロと喉を鳴らす、満足げな様子を示す
pat oneself on the back 自画自賛する
Despite the Paris agreement’s ambiguities and some setbacks, including President Donald Trump’s decision to yank America out of the deal, the air of self-congratulation was still on show among those who gathered in Bonn this month for a follow-up summit.
yank = pull
Yet the most damaging thing about America’s renewed spasm of climate-change rejection may not be the effect on its own emissions, which could turn out to be negligible. It is the cover America has given other countries to avoid acknowledging the problems of the agreement America is abandoning.
give cover 擁護する
But this long-touted approach to cutting emissions still operates on only a very small scale, dealing with just a few tens of millions of tonnes of CO2 a year.
long-touted 長い間もてはやされている [taut]
Britain’s one-off £8.6m ($11.3m) is footling. Roughly $15bn a year goes to research into all low-carbon technologies; that pot needs to increase, and more of it should be channelled to extracting carbon.
one-off 一回限りの、単発の
footle 無駄にする、浪費する
Yet, setting a price high enough to encourage negative emissions would asphyxiate the economy.
asphyxiate 窒息させる
Germany has lavished $1trn on low-carbon electricity, and even then still depends on fossil fuels for over half its power.
lavish 浪費する
In theory such a bounty should be paid from a fund bankrolled by countries according to their cumulative historical emissions (top comes America followed by Europe, with China rapidly closing the gap). In practice no mechanism exists to get them to cough up.
bounty 報奨金
bankroll 融資する
cough up しぶしぶお金を出させる
But the problem would not magically be solved even if America returned to the fold.
return to the fold 元の組織に復帰する、古巣に戻る
In fact, taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is not an alternative to belching out less greenhouse gas. It is necessary in its own right. Unless policymakers take negative emissions seriously, the promises of Paris will ring ever more hollow.
belch 噴出する、吐き出す、げっぷする
ring hollow むなしく聞こえる That excuse rings hollow. その言い訳は空しく聞こえます（あまり理由になってないよ）。
Economist May 28th, 2016
Mr Obama has made progress on nuclear-arms reduction and non-proliferation. He signed a strategic-arms-control treaty (New START) with Russia in 2010. A series of nuclear-security summits helped stop fissile material getting into the wrong hands. Most important, he secured a deal in July to curtail and then constrain Iran’s nuclear programme for at least the next 10-15 years.
get(fall) into the wrong hands 悪の手に渡る
constrain 抑制する、制限する；強制する
But in one area, his failure is glaring. On Mr Obama’s watch the nuclear-weapons and missile programme of North Korea has become steadily more alarming.
glaring 明白な glaring failure, glaring fraud, glaring flaw, glaring mistake
Economist May 21st, 2016
OIL firms find it hard to determine who their environmentalist adversaries are these days. They used to be easy to spot, with beards and dungarees. Now they spout forth corrupted Shakespeare to disrupt concert performances, or wear nuns’ habits at annual general meetings (AGMs). Increasingly others sport pinstripes, representing trillions of dollars of pension and other money.
spot 見分ける
dungaree ダンガリー生地のシャツ
spout forth 噴出す
disrupt 邪魔をする
nun's habit 女性用修道服
sport （見せるために）着る
At a meeting last month its councillors voted for a new ordinance, unprecedented among municipalities, imposing fines or jail time on anyone using a restroom that did not correspond with the sex indicated on their birth certificate. The measure was framed as a response to an announcement by Target, the retailer, that customers in its stores may use restrooms according with their self-perceived gender identity. A week later, amid threats of boycotts and litigation, the councillors rescinded it. If the city’s citizens are baffled by this farrago, they are not alone.
litigation 訴訟
rescind 取り消す、破棄する
baffaled 当惑する
farrago つまらない雑事
Whereas regulations stipulate that television networks cannot discriminate against advertisers (and have to offer the lowest rate to all candidates), no similar rules apply to Facebook or its digital peers. Facebook’s opacity about how it ranks content and posts will continue to enrage those who suspect foul play.
stipulate 条件として要求する
opacity 不透明、不明瞭
This week your correspondent spent more time than usual on Facebook, researching and procrastinating, and was targeted with an ad to register for next month’s California primaries. Appeals to vote or donate money to a natural disaster are not uncommon. Mr Zuckerberg, who is 32, is an idealist and talks frequently about connecting people, improving education and changing immigration policy. In public remarks last month he criticised “fearful voices for building walls and distancing people they view as others.”
procrastinate やるべきことを先延ばしにする
prosrastinating 優柔不断な
primary 予備選挙
Plebiscites that ask a country’s voters what they think of a policy set by other countries often disappoint. The Dutch rejected the EU-Ukraine agreement, but may be stuck with much of it unless the EU’s other 27 members agree to changes. Switzerland does domestic referendums well, but is in hot water over one that restricts immigration from the EU. That requires changes to its trade deal with the EU; Brussels will not budge.
plebiscite 国民投票
be in hot water 苦境にある
not budge （否定形で）身動きしない、意見を変えない
Economist May 7th, 2016
It is true that China has been fastidious in capping its external liabilities (it is a net creditor).
fastidious 入念な；えり好みの激しい
With the government’s connivance, debt levels can probably keep climbing for a while, perhaps even for a few more years. But not for ever.
connivance 黙認
connive 黙認する；共謀する
Craig Steven Wright, an Australian computer scientist, claimed that he was “Satoshi Nakamoto”, the reclusive creator of bitcoin. Mr Wright released what he claimed was cryptographic proof that he is Mr Nakamoto, five months after he was outed in an investigation by two tech publications. But his initial proof was swiftly debunked and doubts remain if he is the right man.
reclusive 隠遁生活をしている
The torrent of mergers in the health-care industry kept flowing.
torrent of ～の激しい流れ、ほとばしり、連発
A share issue by Banca Popolare di Vicenza flopped. Italy’s tenth-largest bank had tried to raise capital to satisfy European regulators through a share sale, but few investors were interested, leaving a bank-rescue fund created by other Italian financial firms to underwrite the whole issue.
flop ドサッと落ちる
underwrite 費用を負担する、引き受ける
The European Central Bank decided to phase out the ?500 banknote ($570) by late 2018 because of the proclivity of criminals and terror groups to use them. The last time ?500 bills were printed was 2014, but they are popular among law-abiding folk in Germany and some other European countries.
phase out 段階的に廃止する
proclivity 性癖
abide （規則を）守る
Economist Apr 30th, 2016
But it does not buy them directly, and Mr Kuroda recently said he would not countenance outright helicopter money. It was not long ago, of course, that he categorically ruled out negative rates.
countenance 容認する
outright 完全な、全面的な、徹底的な、無条件の
Ford’s Amazonian experiment crumbled into ruins as employees balked at some of his rules, which included serving only American food and compulsory square-dancing. His voyage to end the first world war descended into farce: the press re-christened his vessel “the ship of fools” and the Norwegians diagnosed him as suffering from Stormannsgalskap, or the “madness of great men”.
crumble 粉々に崩れ落ちる
balk at ためらう、しり込みする
farce 茶番
christen 洗礼を施す；洗礼名を付ける、命名する
There is a lot of ego involved?the minted are competing with each other to produce the most eye-catching schemes, much as they vie to run the most successful businesses.
minted 金持ちの
vie （優劣を）競う
Tycoons are particularly keen on schemes to cheat the grim reaper.
grim reaper 死神
Regardless, overt support for corporate whistleblowers remains muted.
overt 公然の
remain muted 声にならないまま
Kuznets had treated government spending as a cost to the private sector, but Keynes saw that if wartime procurement by the state was not treated as demand, GDP would fall even as the economy grew.
procurement 調達
Get into the details, though, and it is a highly complex construct--and, as Mr Nordhaus’s fable shows, a snare for the unwary.
snare （小動物を捕まえる）輪わな
unwary 不用心な（人）
fable 寓話
WHICH would you prefer to be: a medieval monarch or a modern office-worker? The king has armies of servants. He wears the finest silks and eats the richest foods. But he is also a martyr to toothache.
monarch = king
martyr 殉職/殉教者
The question is more than just a parlour game.
parlor game 室内ゲーム；game parlor ゲームセンター
But increasingly, too, the things that people hold dear are not being captured by the main yardstick of value.
hold dear 大切にする、愛おしく思う
yardstick ヤード尺
Volkswagen increased its estimate of the costs it will incur from the emissions-cheating scandal to ?16.2 billion ($18.3 billion).
incur （罰・損失などを）被る；負う
Two British high-street clothing retailers, Austin Reed and BHS, went into administration.
go into administration 破産申請をする
Facebook bucked the trend of weak quarterly earnings from tech companies when it reported a 52% jump in revenues, to $5.4 billion, based on the strength of its advertising business on mobile phones.
buck the trend 傾向に逆らう（決まり文句）
Apple reported its first fall in like-for-like sales for the iPhone, as unit sales of the device declined by 16% in the three months ending March 26th compared with the same period last year.
like-for-like 既存店ベースで、同じ条件で
The ruling exonerated Liverpool’s supporters from any blame, reversing the findings from an official inquiry in 1990-91.
ruling 判決
exonerate from 免除する、解放する
India made an embarrassing diplomatic U-turn when it reneged on issuing a visa to Dolkun Isa, a peaceful Uighur activist whom China regards as a terrorist.
renege on 取り消す； renege [rini':g] 約束をわざと破る
Economist Apr 23rd, 2016
Stamping it out: As China grew richer and more innovative, people assumed it would counterfeit less. Think again
stamp out もみ消す、撲滅する
Globalisation has enabled traffickers to run rings round officialdom, says Candice Li, vice-president of the International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition (IACC), a lobby group. “There isn’t an international legal or enforcement framework with which to confront the problem,” she says. Counterfeiters can make parts in one country, assemble a product in a second and package it in a third?without stepping outside the law in any of them.
run rings around 競争相手を悠々と負かす（相手の周りをグルグル回りながら走っても勝てる）
Even women below the age of 35 have done so, suggesting that the radical promise of a first woman president is not such a big deal to those born after the 1970s.
not a big deal 大したことではない
Her candidacy was always liable to face an anti-establishment attack.
candidacy 立候補
liable to ～しがちな
AMONG the millions of words Hillary Clinton has expended on the campaign trail, these stood out. “This is not easy for me,” said the Democratic front-runner, during a televised debate in Florida last month.
campaign trail 選挙遊説
She does not mesmerise on the stump, as Barack Obama and Bill Clinton did. She is fluent and accomplished but icily controlled, as if stage-managing her every utterance.
mesmerise 魅了する（催眠術をかける）
on the stump 遊説中
utterance 発話
Her grip on policy is ironclad; in hours of wonkish debate with Bernie Sanders, the rival she beat handsomely in the New York primary on April 19th (see article), she has rarely been caught out.
catch out 嘘を見破る、看破する
Her oratorical weaknesses contribute to Mrs Clinton’s reputation for shiftiness.
oratorical 雄弁の
shiftiness 狡猾
Google’s sway over Android gives it the power to crush rivals and, crucially, to entrench its position in search, where it currently has no strong competitors.
sway 統治、支配
entrench 強固にする
America today is more divided; its economy is weaker and beset by problems.
beset by しつこく悩まされる
And America as a whole is seething with discontent. It may dodge putting a populist, an ideological extremist or a socialist in the White House in 2017. But, if voters’ anger remains unabated, it will not do so for much longer. Mrs Clinton needs a bold plan to counter this popular frustration. Alas, judging by her economic policies so far, she is more inclined to tinker.
seething with discontent (anger) 憤っている（決まり文句）
unabated 衰えない；abate 減らす、衰える
Alas 悲しいかな
tinker 下手な修理をする
A Dutch court approved Russia’s application to set aside a $50 billion arbitration award to former shareholders of Yukos, a forcibly nationalised oil company. The court ruled that the arbitration panel had lacked jurisdiction in the case. The dispossessed former owners plan to appeal.
set aside 【法律】預託する
arbitration award 仲裁裁定書
arbitration panel 仲裁委員会
jurisdiction 管轄
dispossess 財産等を取り上げる
A mooted freeze in oil output among most of the world’s big producers was scuppered when talks collapsed in Doha, the Qatari capital.
mooted 議題に挙がっている、発表された
scupper 排水穴；船を沈める⇒計画等を破綻させる
The deadline passed for potential buyers of Yahoo to submit their offers. Verizon, America’s biggest wireless telecom firm, is said to be leading the field of contenders.
contender 競争者
The European Union opened up a new front in its antitrust battle with Google by accusing the company of using the dominant position of its Android operating system in the smartphone market to limit competition.
open up a new front (frontier) 新境地を切り開く（決まり文句）
2016.01.08
The promise of the blockchain ---- The trust machine
Oct 31st 2015 The technology behind bitcoin could transform how the economy works
BITCOIN has a bad reputation. The decentralised digital cryptocurrency, powered by a vast computer network, is notorious for the wild fluctuations in its value, the zeal of its supporters and its degenerate uses, such as extortion, buying drugs and hiring hitmen in the online bazaars of the “dark net”.
zeal = zest 情熱
extortion 強奪、恐喝
hitman 殺し屋
This is unfair. The value of a bitcoin has been pretty stable, at around $250, for most of this year. Among regulators and financial institutions, scepticism has given way to enthusiasm (the European Union recently recognised it as a currency). But most unfair of all is that bitcoin’s shady image causes people to overlook the extraordinary potential of the “blockchain”, the technology that underpins it. This innovation carries a significance stretching far beyond cryptocurrency. The blockchain lets people who have no particular confidence in each other collaborate without having to go through a neutral central authority. Simply put, it is a machine for creating trust.
carry significance 重要性をもつ
simply put 簡単に言うと
The blockchain food chain
To understand the power of blockchain systems, and the things they can do, it is important to distinguish between three things that are commonly muddled up, namely the bitcoin currency, the specific blockchain that underpins it and the idea of blockchains in general. A helpful analogy is with Napster, the pioneering but illegal “peer-to-peer” file-sharing service that went on line in 1999, providing free access to millions of music tracks. Napster itself was swiftly shut down, but it inspired a host of other peer-to-peer services. Many of these were also used for pirating music and films. Yet despite its dubious origins, peer-to-peer technology found legitimate uses, powering internet startups such as Skype (for telephony) and Spotify (for music streaming)—and also, as it happens, bitcoin.
muddle up ごっちゃにする
as it happens 偶然にも、都合よくも
The blockchain is an even more potent technology. In essence it is a shared, trusted, public ledger that everyone can inspect, but which no single user controls. The participants in a blockchain system collectively keep the ledger up to date: it can be amended only according to strict rules and by general agreement. Bitcoin’s blockchain ledger prevents double-spending and keeps track of transactions continuously. It is what makes possible a currency without a central bank.
ledger 台帳、帳簿
Blockchains are also the latest example of the unexpected fruits of cryptography. Mathematical scrambling is used to boil down an original piece of information into a code, known as a hash. Any attempt to tamper with any part of the blockchain is apparent immediately—because the new hash will not match the old ones. In this way a science that keeps information secret (vital for encrypting messages and online shopping and banking) is, paradoxically, also a tool for open dealing.
boil down 煮詰める；要約する
tamper 改ざんする
Bitcoin itself may never be more than a curiosity. However blockchains have a host of other uses because they meet the need for a trustworthy record, something vital for transactions of every sort. Dozens of startups now hope to capitalise on the blockchain technology, either by doing clever things with the bitcoin blockchain or by creating new blockchains of their own (see article).
One idea, for example, is to make cheap, tamper-proof public databases—land registries, say, (Honduras and Greece are interested); or registers of the ownership of luxury goods or works of art. Documents can be notarised by embedding information about them into a public blockchain—and you will no longer need a notary to vouch for them. Financial-services firms are contemplating using blockchains as a record of who owns what instead of having a series of internal ledgers. A trusted private ledger removes the need for reconciling each transaction with a counterparty, it is fast and it minimises errors. Santander reckons that it could save banks up to $20 billion a year by 2022. Twenty-five banks have just joined a blockchain startup, called R3 CEV, to develop common standards, and NASDAQ is about to start using the technology to record trading in securities of private companies.
notarize （公証人が）文書を認証する
notary 公証人
vouch for （個人的に）保証する
comtemplate 熟考する
reconcile 一致させる、照合する
These new blockchains need not work in exactly the way that bitcoin’s does. Many of them could tweak its model by, for example, finding alternatives to its energy-intensive “mining” process, which pays participants newly minted bitcoins in return for providing the computing power needed to maintain the ledger. A group of vetted participants within an industry might instead agree to join a private blockchain, say, that needs less security. Blockchains can also implement business rules, such as transactions that take place only if two or more parties endorse them, or if another transaction has been completed first. As with Napster and peer-to-peer technology, a clever idea is being modified and improved. In the process, it is fast throwing off its reputation for shadiness.
mint 貨幣を鋳造する
vet 入念に検査する、吟味する
New chains on the block
The spread of blockchains is bad for anyone in the “trust business”—the centralised institutions and bureaucracies, such as banks, clearing houses and government authorities that are deemed sufficiently trustworthy to handle transactions. Even as some banks and governments explore the use of this new technology, others will surely fight it. But given the decline in trust in governments and banks in recent years, a way to create more scrutiny and transparency could be no bad thing.
clearinghouse 手形交換所；情報センター
Drawing up regulations for blockchains at this early stage would be a mistake: the history of peer-to-peer technology suggests that it is likely to be several years before the technology’s full potential becomes clear. In the meantime regulators should stay their hands, or find ways to accommodate new approaches within existing frameworks, rather than risk stifling a fast-evolving idea with overly prescriptive rules.
prescriptive 規範的な、指図する
stifle 息を詰まらせる
The notion of shared public ledgers may not sound revolutionary or sexy. Neither did double-entry book-keeping or joint-stock companies. Yet, like them, the blockchain is an apparently mundane process that has the potential to transform how people and businesses co-operate. Bitcoin fanatics are enthralled by the libertarian ideal of a pure, digital currency beyond the reach of any central bank. The real innovation is not the digital coins themselves, but the trust machine that mints them—and which promises much more besides.
mundane 世俗の、この世の
enthrall 夢中にさせる
2015.01.05
The euro slumped to the weakest in almost nine years after the European Central Bank signaled it will consider embarking on large-scale government-bond purchases.
"The reasons to be selling the euro were pretty clear over the weekend: Draghi being a step closer to QE and deepening concerns about the Greek political situation,” Sean Callow, a currency strategist at Westpac Banking Corp. in Sydney, said by phone today. “The euro was so close to such a keenly watched round number as $1.20 that we didn’t need any fresh news to tip us over the cliff today."
Producing an entirely new particle -- in this case a charged pion -- requires much more energy than it would take to blast the nucleus apart -- which is why the physicists are always surprised that the reaction happens as often as it does. McFarland adds that even painstakingly detailed theoretical calculations for this reaction "have been all over the map."
2014.12.11
I have two sons, 4- and 1-year-old. Last July the elderly son started to learn violin. The violin teacher told me that if I also wanted to learn together with my son, he would give me lessons without additional expense. So I decided to take lessons with my son. Recently I graduated from playing "Twinkle Twinkle Little Stars".
Of course he is still 4 years old, so there are a lot of things more interesting than the violin. So it's not easy to make him practice every day at home. The teacher said that it's difficult keep concentration for a long time, so the time for everyday practice should be less than five minutes or so.
We are going to have a small Christmas concert, and my son and I also will play some pieces on the stage. It'll be my first time to play an instrument in front of the audience.
2014.11.06
The war on Ebola
Oct 18th 2014
To win it requires a much larger effort in west Africa than the outside world has so far pledged
IN SEPTEMBER 1976 scientists in Antwerp received a Thermos out of Yambuku, in what was then Zaire, with two samples from a nun who was fatally ill. One of the vials had smashed, but after scooping the other out of a pool of icy water, blood and broken glass, they discovered that they were handling a deadly and unknown virus. To spare Yambuku from infamy, they named the infection after a local river, the Ebola.
The next 36 years saw about 20 Ebola epidemics. Each was in a village or small town in central Africa and subsided after claiming fewer than 300 lives. Today’s crisis is of a different order. It has struck down three countries—Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone—with a combined population of over 20m. Almost 4,500 deaths have been recorded: the actual total is much larger. The epidemic is still rampant, destroying communities as it goes. It has spread sporadically to other African countries and to Spain and America.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) fears up to 10,000 new victims a week by December, perhaps 70% of whom will die. Its chief calls the epidemic “the most severe acute public-health emergency in modern times”. Now that the world has woken up to the danger, the task is to stop the toll reaching hundreds of thousands, if not millions. That is feasible only with sustained international collaboration. And so far, collaboration is something the response has tragically lacked.
This time it’s different
Like any epidemic, Ebola is best stopped early. It kills health workers by exposing them to patients who, by the end, exude up to ten litres of virus-laden fluids a day. The number of infections seems to be doubling every two to four weeks. As health-care workers fall ill and the infection grows exponentially, a society’s defences against Ebola are rapidly overwhelmed.
This time the response has been fatally slow. One reason is that an Ebola epidemic had never been seen in that part of Africa. The disease may also have been helped by urbanisation and development, which strengthen the transport links that shuttle virus from villages to the town and back into uninfected country. Perhaps it was only a matter of time before Ebola would find its way into a slum too chaotic and vast to cope.
Recrimination is for later. The effort now must go into defending against Ebola’s spread. The disease poses only a slight risk in rich countries, because tracing, diagnosing and isolating scattered cases is within the scope of their health systems. Officials are minimising the threat by screening travellers, though apparently healthy people can be incubating Ebola.
But to quarantine an entire chunk of west Africa would be both wrong and futile. Borders would be permeable. People would flee and pay bribes. As the virus conquered west Africa unchecked, more untraceable emigrants would carry it inside their bodies. When the epidemic spread, would you then slam the door on Ivory Coast and Nigeria? Dhaka? Mumbai?
The way to make the world safe is vigilance outside west Africa and to drain the reservoir of infection within it. Because the disease kills fast and spreads only via direct contact with body fluids, patients infect an average of just 1.5-2.2 others. If you reduce that ratio, the epidemic will slow; if you can get it below one, it will subside (see article).
Science can help. If instant-diagnosis kits work, health-care workers can isolate patients early on, when the disease is hard to tell from malaria or cholera. Eventually, new vaccines could offer protection for the general population—though they will not be ready for many months. Instead the first doses should be used to try to ensure that medical staff are safe, helping to eliminate today’s grave shortage of people willing to put themselves forward as carers. Other ideas include new antiviral medicine. Serum from survivors is promising, too: more could be done to get it to patients. But different treatments need to be tested against each other in a systematic way to see which ones work and which will not.
A bad feeling
In the meantime, the world must strive to turn back Ebola the old-fashioned way. The WHO has set the goal: 70% of burials must be safe and 70% of cases isolated locally or in clinics, both within 60 days. It is a daunting task.
The plan will fail if people mistrust health advice. But fear and suspicion spread even faster than the virus. Some who try to teach people about the disease have been attacked. Conspiracy theories are rife. Some try to avoid the stigma of Ebola, by pretending they have caught something else. There is a black market in death certificates, so that families can bury their members in local graves. The good news is that safer behaviour is spreading—in the way people greet each other, and in rapid burials that shun rituals of touching and kissing.
The plan will also fail without more treatment centres. Liberia has 620 beds but needs five times that number—and the demand is growing exponentially. By one reckoning, a 70-bed clinic costs $1m a month to run and needs two to three staff for each patient. America, Britain and the World Bank have between them promised almost $2 billion. Pledges are coming in fast. If more cash is needed, it will be found. Much harder is to get the treatment centres rapidly built, supplied and staffed.
In desperation, planners are resorting to makeshift clinics and training local people to mind them—one idea is to recruit survivors, who have immunity. For the moment, more patients will use these than proper centres. Untested, and clearly second-best, their success will depend on how well the authorities can explain how to treat the sick. Nobody can say how easy that will be. It has never been tried.
Ebola infects everything. People keep away from fields and markets—so the price of cassava has more than doubled and there is a risk of hunger. Children are orphaned, businesses close, political and tribal resentments flare up. All that will only make Ebola harder to beat. It is a test for the people of west Africa. But it is also a test for a globalising world. The slums of Freetown are closer to the streets of London than they have ever been. Some, like Cuba and Médecins Sans Frontières, have risen to the occasion. Too many still have not.
Thermos = 魔法瓶
nun = 修道女
spare A from B = AをBから救う
infamy = 汚名
subside = 弱まる、（活動が）低下する
claim lives = 命を奪う
strike down = （病気が人を）襲う
exude = 発散する（させる）
pose risk (of A / to B) = Aの危険がある、Bする危険性がある
quarantine = 隔離する；検疫する
futile = 役に立たない
daunting = 気が遠くなるような、手ごわい、とっつきにくい
rife = はびこっている
shun = 回避する、嫌がる
reckoning = 見積もり
orphaned = 孤児になる
resentments = 怒り、恨み
rise to the occasion = 難局（突発的な）に立ち向かう、対処する
2013.10.24
Central Banks Drop Tightening Talk as Easy Money Goes On
The era of easy money is shaping up to keep going into 2014.
The Bank of Canada’s decision yesterday to drop language about the need for future interest-rate increases unites it with other central banks reinforcing rather than retracting loose monetary policy. The Federal Reserve delayed a pullback in its monthly asset purchases, while emerging markets from Hungary to Chile cut borrowing costs in the past two months.
drop talk, drop language 話を引っ込める、撤回する
pullback 引き戻すこと、撤退
2013.10.01
The market is not panicked about this. It sets up the political wrangling to take place now as opposed to in two weeks, making a debt default less likely. Between now and Oct. 17 is more of a buying opportunity. We haven’t reached any inflection point where investors should give up confidence.
as opposed to ～ではなく
wrangling 論争 legal wrangling 法廷争い、political wrangling 政治論争
2013.02.22
There's just one catch: The technique relies on a fifth force of nature (in addition to gravity, the weak and strong nuclear forces and electromagnetism) that has not yet been detected, but which some particle physicists think might exist. Physicists call this type of force a long-range spin-spin interaction. If it does exist, this exotic new force would connect matter at Earth's surface with matter hundreds or even thousands of kilometers below, deep in Earth's mantle.
There's just one catch. １つだけ問題がある
2013.01.02
President Barack Obama said he will sign the bill passed by Congress that makes the George W. Bush-era income-tax cuts permanent for most workers while letting them expire for top earners. The vote in the U.S. House broke a yearlong impasse over how to head off $600 billion in tax increases and spending reductions set to take effect at the start of this year.
yearlong 1年間続く
impasse 手詰まり、難局
head off 回避する、阻止する
2012.07.27
The prime ministers of Italy and Spain, Mario Monti and Mariano Rajoy, and the French president, François Hollande, were widely hailed for scoring a victory over Germany's chancellor, Angela Merkel. She, in turn, was excoriated by many at home for giving in to blackmail.
excoriate 激しく非難する；表皮を剥ぐ、擦りむく
The supposed loosening of the strings attached to help for peripheral economies was also limited. The much-ballyhooed agreement that rescue funds could buy embattled countries' bonds without onerous extra conditions was just a political promise to do something already allowed.
much-ballyhooed 前評判が非常に高い
embattled 包囲された、追い詰められた
onerous 有償の
A set of limited and contingent promises is much better than nothing, but it hardly adds up to a sturdy new foundation for the euro's future. A lot could still go wrong.
contingent 条件付の；偶発の
2012.06.19
Time and again she has taken stands against bail-outs only to relent. She balked at bailing out Greece and at a permanent rescue fund and she vetoed the use of bail-out money to buy government bonds in the secondary market. In each case she gave in (too late, say critics).
time and again, relent
彼女は再三に渡って救済に反対の立場をとってきたが、その決意も結局は折れることになる。
balk to ためらう
Don't count on it.
count on 当てにする
Don't count on it. そうとは限らないよ。
Such proposals bear on the core issue: do debt and responsibility remain linked to each other?
bear on 関係する、影響する
There are two sticking points.
sticking point （計画の進行などを止める）障害、膠着
2012.06.04
France and Germany rode a coach and horses through the rules designed to prevent government borrowing getting out of hand.
ride a coach and horses through 抜け穴を見つける
Advocates of a break-up imagine an amicable split. Each government would decree that all domestic contracts—deposits and loans, prices and pay—should switch into a new currency. To prevent runs, banks, especially in weak economies, would shut over a weekend or limit withdrawals. To stop capital flight, governments would impose controls. All good, except that the people who believe that countries would be better off without the euro gloss over the huge cost of getting there.
bank run 取り付け騒ぎ
decree 宣言する；命令する；判決、法令
gloss over 適当にごまかす、言い逃れをする
The level of further integration necessary to deal with the euro crisis will be hard to square with the increasing cantankerousness of Europe’s voters.
cantakerous 不機嫌な、険悪な、気難しい
square with （考えなどを）一致させる、折り合いをつける
2012.05.
mesophyll 葉肉
perianth 花被
sepal 萼片 [si:pl]
petal 花弁 [petl]
corolla 花冠
tepal 花被片
stamen 雄しべ [steimen]
androecium 雄蕊群
carpel 心皮
gynoecium 雌ずい群
palea 内花頴
lodicule 鱗被
polyandrous 多雄蕊性の
receptacle 花托；貯蔵容器
stigma 柱頭
syncarpous 合成心皮を有する
dicotyledon 双子葉植物
monocotyledon 単子葉植物
vegatative 成長する、成長の
perennate 多年生きる
rhizome 根茎（横に伸びる）
adventitious 外来の；不定の
coenocyte 多核細胞
parenchyma 柔組織
collenchyma 厚角組織
screlencyma 厚膜組織
aerenchyma 通気組織
trichome 毛状突起
apical meristem 頂端分裂組織
cambium 形成層
plastid 色素体
resin 樹脂
mucilage 粘液
petiole 葉柄
stipule 托葉
areole 小室
venation 葉脈
veinlet 小脈
reticular 網状の
lamina 葉身；薄膜、薄層
lamella 薄膜、薄層
xeromorphic 乾生形態の
lodicule 鱗被
style 花柱
stigma 柱頭
lemma 外花穎（がいかえい）
ovary 子房
ovule 胚珠
inflorescence 花序
androecium 雄蘂群（ゆうずいぐん）
gynoecium 雌蘂群（しずいぐん）
microspore 小胞子
locule 室、房
2012.04.13
The latest brinkmanship between Greece and other members of the euro zone was the most quarrelsome yet. Amid violent scenes on the streets of Athens, the Greek parliament passed a new austerity package in the hope of securing a second bail-out worth 130 billion euros($170 billion). But German officials said more cuts were needed and demanded written assurances from Greek politicians that they would stick to the deal after elections, due in April.
quarrelsome 喧嘩っ早い、短気な、けんか腰の
in the hope of ～を期待して
stick to ～こだわる、し続ける、専念する
LAST year every new jolt in the euro crisis sent financial markets into a spin. This year they have become blase. They barely even registered the torching of buildings in Athens, nor the last-minute cancellation of a meeting of ministers that was supposed to agree on a new aid package for Greece. Although a calm is welcome, nonchalance is not justified. A deal probably will be done on Greece, and there are promising signs of reform all over the continent. But, the problems ahead for the euro zone remain huge. The crisis is, in effect, moving from an acute to a chronic phase.
jolt 動揺、激しい動き
blase [bla:zei](French)飽きた、関心がなくなった
register 印象付ける（印象付けられる）
nonchalance [ノンシャラーンス]無頓着、無関心； an attitude of nonchalance 平然とした態度
The latest hiccup in Greece was caused by European finance ministers’ determination to get Greek leaders to commit themselves to changing their ways.
hiccup しゃっくり；一時的な中断
For all the bile that some are now hurling, especially at Germany, the odds are that Greece’s politicians will buckle.
bile 不機嫌、かんしゃく
hurl 強く投げつける；（非難を）浴びせる
buckle 屈服する
In the euro’s first decade, southern Mediterranean countries enjoyed the benefit of lower interest rates, but they failed to reform their labour and product markets to make their economies more competitive for a world in which they had lost the safety-valve of currency devaluation. Belatedly, the euro crisis has changed this.
safety-value 安全値
belatedly 遅ればせながら
Italy’s new prime minister, Mario Monti, although running an unelected government, basks in the highest popularity rating of any Italian leader in years.
bask in ～に浴する、恩恵を受ける
Yet the continuing frailty of the euro zone’s economies threatens to undermine these efforts.
frailty 弱さ
Two moods are competing in Europe: the feeling of injustice that set Athens ablaze last weekend, and the gathering sense of progress as governments act to make economies more competitive. The euro’s fate will be determined by which prevails.
ablaze 燃え立っている；set ablaze 炎上させる
And creditors - especially Germany - as well as debtors need to embrace reform.
embrace 受け入れる
2012.03.12
IT ALL began as a lark. Mark Zuckerberg posted pictures of his fellow Harvard students online to let viewers comment on who was hot and who was not. Eight years later, Facebook is one of the hottest companies in the world. On February 1st the social network announced plans for an initial public offering (IPO) that could value it at between $75 billion and $100 billion (see article). This is extraordinary. Investors believe that a start-up run by a cocky 27-year-old is more valuable than Boeing, the world’s largest aircraftmaker. Are they nuts?
as a lark 面白半分に、ふざけて
hot = sexy
nuts = crazy; Are you nuts? 気は確かか？頭がおかしいんじゃないか？
cocky 自信過剰な、うぬぼれた
But there are reasons to bet Facebook will justify the hype, for it has found a new way to harness a prehistoric instinct.
hype 誇大広告、いんちき
prehistoric 先史時代の；時代遅れの
Many firms feel they have no choice but to deal with it, and some already resent its clout.
clout 強い影響力；殴打
Facebook is likely to become a gargantuan company. That will bring risks as well as rewards.
gargantuan 巨大な
Last year Facebook incurred the wrath of America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The commission had been inundated with complaints that the company was making public data about its users that it had said would be kept private. As part of a settlement with the FTC, Facebook agreed to submit to an external audit of its privacy policies and practices every two years for the next 20 years.
wrath 激怒
incur （好ましくないことを）招く；（損害、罰を）受ける incur wrath 怒りを招く（決まり文句）
be inundated with 殺到する
Google seems to be the focus of trustbusters’ attention. But as Facebook expands, it too could find itself being accused of abusing its dominance by smaller fry.
trustbuster 独禁法取締官
small fry ちっぽけな存在、雑魚、取るに足らない人々
2012.02.10
What is the best way out of this mess? Step one is to force private bondholders to take more losses. They have been treated with kid gloves so far because European governments insist the debt deal must be voluntary, thanks in part to a misplaced fear of triggering credit-default swaps. That must change. Discard the veneer of voluntarism and Greece can be tougher on its creditors.
treat -- with kid gloves 腫れ物のように扱う、（変に）丁寧に扱う
veneer ベニヤ板、うわべの
Greece’s rescuers bear some blame: they focused too much on raising taxes and too little on reforming the state and freeing up the economy. But the real culprit is the Greek government, which has proved singularly incapable of implementing the reforms needed to allow the economy to grow.
culprit 犯人、問題の原因
Some industries, such as tourism, would eventually benefit, but in the short term jettisoning the euro would cause devastating disruption.
jettison 船外投棄；投げ捨てる、（計画など）捨てる
The legal mess of broken contracts it would create would take years to sort out.
sort out 区別する、整理する
The legal mess of broken contracts it would create would take years to sort out.
plank 厚板；（党が決めた）政策
He draws support from those frustrated by the quagmire of mainstream politics. Osaka is Japan’s second-biggest city, with a huge industrial hinterland. Its people are known for business acumen and an earthy frankness.
quagmire 泥沼、苦境
hinterland 奥地、内陸地域
acumen 鋭い洞察力、感覚 [akju:men]
earthy 土の；素朴な、気取らない
He has a withering contempt for his enemies, as was clear over the new year when he publicly refused to shake the hand of the boss of the local labour confederation who had backed his rival in last year’s election (as also had the DPJ and the LDP).
withering 容赦ない、辛辣な、ひるませる
confederation 同盟、連合
Mr Hashimoto is also scathing about central government. He particularly loathes the hidebound education ministry, which he loves to call “stupid”.
scath 酷評する
loath = hate
hidebound 硬直化した
His plan needs a Diet vote to take effect, and he is assiduously courting politicians in Tokyo.
take effect 効力を生じる、実施になる
assiduously 熱心に、勤勉に
court 求愛する、誘う、口説く
2012.02.02
Almost a decade after the onset of the rich world's credit bust, depressing evidence of its after-effects is visible in everything from feeble output figures to swollen jobless rolls.
onset 発病、発症
But European countries are more, not less, in hock than they were in 2008.
be in hock 借金を抱えている、赤字の
In Spain corporate debt, far higher as a share of GDP than in most rich countries, has barely budged.
barely budge ほとんど動いていない、変わっていない
It's not that American households have been more frugal or disciplined.
frugal 質素な、つつましい frugal living 質素な生活
The Bank of England suggests that around 12% of British mortgages receive some kind of forbearance. Fewer people are turfed out their homes, but the millstone of debt weighs for longer.
forbearance 自制、差し控えること
turf out 追い払う、捨てる
millstone 石臼；重荷
In Europe, however, the sovereign-debt crisis means governments have been forced, or chosen, to undertake swingeing budget cuts long before the private sector's deleveraging is done.
swinge 鞭打つ；swingeing （損害をもたらす程度が）多大な
They stand accused of ignorance over European reforms or even of being part of an Anglo-American conspiracy to destroy the euro.
stand accused of ～の理由で非難される、訴えられる
Such opprobrium owes much to the fact that, although they are flawed arbiters, the rating agencies can speak uncomfortable truths.
opprobrium 非難
arbiter 裁定者、審判人、仲裁者
It chastised governments for their inadequate response and their misguided obsession with austerity. And by drawing so many into the net, it made clear that the problem is not just individual countries, but the euro zone as a whole.
chastise せっかんする、お灸をすえる、非難する
draw net ＝ 引き網
At a stroke, it has restored the dividing line down the Rhine that generations of leaders have tried to efface, ever since the European Union's forefathers pooled their coal and steel industries in the 1950s.
at a stroke 一撃で、一挙に
efface （記憶、痕跡などを）消し去る
Yet as the crisis has gone on, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy have cleaved to each other to the point where many have come to resent the diktats of "Merkozy".
cleave 突き進む、貫く；分裂させる
resent 不快に思う、腹を立てる
diktat 絶対命令
Instead of huddling only with Mr Sarkozy, she is hosting informal dinners with other leaders, starting with the prime ministers of Portugal, Sweden and Austria on January 19th. She likes Italy’s technocratic prime minister, Mario Monti. Her entourage insists that none of this supplants the partnership with France.
huddle 身を寄せ合う
entourage （フランス語）側近
supplant （力ずくで）（地位などを）奪い取る；（不適切なものを）取り替える
Germany will not forsake France. It is still too uncomfortable to wield unilateral power overtly.
forsake 見捨てる
wield （権力などを）振りかざす、行使する
overtly 公然と
2012.01.16
With so much ahead that could go wrong, the chances of that are slim.
slim chance 望み薄（slim は、可能性が低い、の意味）
go wrong 誤った方向へ行く
A bigger concern is that investors might snub one of Italy's bond auctions.
snub 鼻であしらう、冷たい態度を取る
That would be less of worry if the euro zone had a stronger safety net for countries that have fallen foul of bond markets. But the EU summit in December deferred until March a discussion on whether to raise the 500 billion euros lending capacity of the euro zone's rescue fund.
less of それほど～ではない
fall foul of ～に巻き込まれる、衝突する、抵触する
defer 延期する、保留にする
Raising fresh money is proving tricky and so banks are rationing capital by selling assets. They are reluctant to make new loans. All this has taken a toll on confidence, which fell for a tenth month in December, says the European Commission.
ration 配給（する）；（一定量を）配給する；（一定量に）制限する
take a toll 被害を与える
The quote may be spurious, but it contains a grain of truth.
spurious 嘘の、誤っている；擬似の；偽造の
a grain of truth ひとかけらの真実（決まり文句）
Why these two firms fare so differently?
fare （ある様態で人・できごとが）やっていく、起こる、ことが運ぶ
A culture of complacency
complacency （自己）満足、現状に満足してしまうこと
He cranked out digital cameras and offered customers the ability to post and share pictures online.
crank out 量産する、次々と作り出す
He failed to outsource much production, which might have have made Kodak more nimble and creative.
nimble （思考、動きが）素早い、鋭敏な、機敏な
But the eventual winner was Shigetaka Komori, who chided them as "lazy" and "irresiponsible" for not preparing better for the digital onslaught.
chide たしなめる
onslaught （圧倒的な）猛攻、襲来
This sort of pre-emptive action, even softened with generous payouts, is hardly typical of corporate Japan.
pre-emptive 先制攻撃の
Mr Komori says he feels "regret and emotion" about the plight of his "respected competitor".
plight 窮地、苦境 = predicament
Kodak, along with many a great company before it, appears simply to have run its course. After 132 years it is poised, like an old photo, to fade away.
be poised to ～する態勢にある
2012.01.11
Attacks on bankers by protesters from Occupy Wall Street, Occupy London and Occupy any city where a financier might have the temerity to turn a quick buck have spiced up the dreary economic news of the past year.
have the temerity to 向こう見ずにも○○する
quick buck 手っ取り早く稼げるお金 make a quick buck
spice up 活気付ける、おもしろくするために一味加える
Even the bankers' supposed allies are putting the boot in-and nowhere more so than in Britain.
put the boot in 倒れている人に蹴りを入れる、追い討ちをかける
His ministers boast about their efforts to "rebalance" the economy away from dodgy finance to honest manufacturing.
boast about 自慢する
Sir Mervyn King, the governor of the Bank of England, has made a habit of lambasting the Square Mile's short-term "profits next week" culture.
lambast 厳しく非難する、こき下ろす
In continental Europe the City is viewed with a mixture of loathing and covetousness.
loathing 憎悪
covetousness 強欲
The proposals from Britain's Vickers Commission go a long way to deal with this, dividing a tightly regulated domestic banking system from a more freewheeling international market for global capital.
go a long way 長持ちする、成功する、～するのに大いに役立つ
2011.12.22
Injecting money into the company smacks of the sort of complicity between the nuclear industry and its political overseers that helped get Japan into this nuclear mess.
その会社にカネをつぎ込むのは、日本を放射能でこんな目に遭わせた行政上の監督者と原子力産業との間での共謀のようにも見える。
smack of ～じみたところがある
get A into mess （決まり文句）Aを混乱に巻き込む
2011.12.03
Overseas too, there is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America.
harbinger 先駆者；予兆
Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography.
tarnish （輝き・栄光）曇らせる
However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending, but because of ageing.
accrue （当然の結果として）生じる；（自然に）増加する
The trouble is that the downbeat narrative is deeply ingrained.
ingrained （心に深く）しみこんだ；染み付いている、根深い
If they compared themselves instead with America and Europe, they might feel heartened enough to make some of the tough choices needed.
hearten 元気付ける、勇気付ける、鼓舞する
Mario Draghi, the ECB's new Italian president, has ruled out acting as a lender of last resort to governments, albeit less categorically.
categorically 断固として、頭から
I believed that categorically. 頭から信じていた。
He denied that categorically. きっぱりと否定した。
The danger lies in eschewing both options.
それら両方の選択肢を避けるところに危険がある。
eschew （悪いことを意図的に）避ける、控える
It is hard to see an imminent danger of inflation.
imminent 差し迫った、目前の、緊急の
In theory, if joint liability was designed properly, errant countries would be stopped from going on a bender at other Europeans' expense.
bender 大酒を飲むこと、酔っ払い
For the forseaable future, ECB is the only institution that can staunch market panic quickly.
staunch （流れを）止める
Technically, there are ways around German opposition. Mr Weidmann, for instance, could be outvoted at the ECB. But in practice, any solution must be blessed in Berlin.
way around 逃げ道、回避法
outvote 人より多数の票を得て勝つ
That task is made harder by calls on the ECB to act as backstop to troubled Italy, Mr Draghi's home country, and to contain a sovereign-debt crisis that is raising borrowing costs for most euro-zone countries, while driving them down in Germany.
backstop 逆転防止装置; 支持する、補強する
contain 封じ込める、抑える
Mr Weidmann told the Financial Times that the ECB could not act as a lender of last resort for countries, because in doing so it would transgress EU treaties banning direct financing of states.
transgress （規則、道徳など）破る、違反する；（制限・限界など）超える
Mr Weidmann's views are similarly circumscribed by the tenets of German economic thinking.
circumscribe ～を制限する、～を取り囲む、～の周りに境界線を引く
tenet 教義、信条
2011.11.24
But the commission backed away from recommending an outright ban on providing credit ratings for countries seeking a bail-out.
back away from 控える、及び腰になる
UBS unveiled its new strategy, which curtails its investment-banking activities and focuses on its core wealth-management business.
curtail 縮小する、削減する
Mr. Buffett has taken such a big bet on a stock in the tech industry, on which he has been famously lukewarm. He said he made an exception for IBM as he is impressed with its log-term strategy and because IBM treats its share price "with reverence".
lukewarm やる気のない、乗り気でない、生ぬるい
reverence 尊敬、畏敬の念
2011.11.09
You can understand the self-congratulation. In the early hours of October 27th, after marathon talks, the leaders of the euro zone agreed on a "comprehensive package" to dispel the crisis that has been plaguing the euro zone for almost two years.
You can understand the self-congratulation. -> 自己満足であることは明らかである。（こんな感じ？）
dispel 払拭する、解消する
Yet in the light of day, the holes in the rescue plan are plain to see.
in the light of day よく見てみれば（くらいの意味か？ 直訳すると、日中の明るい光の下で）
Unconvincing, because too many details are missing and the scheme at its core is not up to the job of safeguarding the euro.
be up to the job 任に堪える、仕事が務まる
He is not up to the job. 彼にはその仕事は務まらない。
The summit's most notable achievement was to forge an agreement to write down the Greek debt held by the private sector by 50%.
forge （努力して関係などを）構築する；鍛冶場
write down 減額する
Europe's rescue fund, EFSF, does not have enough money to withstand a run on Italy and Spain.
withstand 耐える、抵抗する
Why should China or Brazil invest a lot in them when Germany is holding back from putting in more money?
hold back from ～を控える（決まり文句）。hold back from commenting コメントを控える
Europe's leaders have agreed on how to prop up the euro. For now.
for now 今のところは
After nearly ten hours of arduous bargaining, the euro zone's leaders had reached the long-promised "comprehensive" deal to save the euro.
arduous 達成が困難な、つらい（hardの形式ばった言い方？）
bargaining 交渉（！） 交渉術とかの交渉
In the word of one well-placed source, "the more zeros the better".
ある信頼できる情報筋の言葉「ゼロが多ければ多いほどよい。」
A supposedly confidential new assessment of Greece's prospects makes dire reading.
一応秘密ということになっているギリシャの経済展望の新たな評価結果は、悲惨な読み物になっている（読むと悲惨な気分になる）。
make good reading 読み物として面白い
make pleasant reading 気持ち良く読める
The banks would not accept the troika's bleak forecast.
銀行は、その３人組の暗い予想を受け入れないだろう。
2011.10.22
But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the fanatical loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Which other technology brand do you ever see on bumper stickers?
しかし、ジョブズについて最も驚くべきことは、彼が顧客に狂信的な忠誠心（愛情？）を呼び起こすことができたことである。車のバンパーに他のメーカーのブランドのステッカーが貼ってあるのを見たことがあるだろうか？
fanatical 狂信的な
2011.10.20
In 1887, physicists were feeling pretty smug about their subject.
feel smug about ～にうぬぼれている
They could not have been more wrong.
彼らはとんでもない間違いを犯していた。
cannot be more wrong 何から何まで間違っている（決まり文句）
As any schoolboy knows, this flies in the face of special relativity.
fly in the face of （事実・慣例などを）無視して行動する
The researchers involved have been over their equipment with a fine-tooth comb.
これに関係する研究者たちは、自分たちの実験装置について徹底的に調べてきている。
be over -> go over 入念に調べる
with a fine-tooth comb （直訳：目の詰んだ櫛で）、入念に、徹底的に、しらみつぶしに
No one wants to get egg on his face by having missed something obvious.
誰もつまらない間違いをして恥をさらしたくないものだ。
get a egg on one's face 恥をさらす、面目を失う
2011.10.20
The financial markets, long battered by the ever-worsening euro crisis, rallied this week amid speculation that Europe's leaders had been bullied by the rest of the world into at last putting together a "big plan" to save the single currency.
悪化を続けるユーロ危機によって金融市場は長い間ぼろぼろにされていたが、世界中から脅され続けたヨーロッパの首脳らが、このたったひとつの通貨を救うために、ついに「大計画」をまとめるだろうという思惑が働いて、今週は反発した。
battered ぼろぼろの（使い古されて傷んだ）；虐待されている
bully いじめる、脅す
put together （考えを）まとめる、企画する、作る、組み立てる
2011.08.30
European leaders need to think and act more boldly to stem the euro crisis.
stem 食い止める
With developed economies in dire straits, central bankers have taken the tiller. Not all of them are happy about that.
先進国が苦境に立たされて、各国の中央銀行家は舵を切り始めた。もっとも、彼らが皆好んでやっているわけではないが。
2011.08.18
wear thin 磨り減る、古びる；我慢できなくなる
But that explanation is wearing thin.
しかし、その説明ももはや使えない。
Now my patience is wearing very thin.
我慢も限界です。
The buoyancy of emerging markets would offset any lingering weaknesses in the developed economies.
新興国市場の回復力は、長々と続いている先進国の弱い経済を帳消しにするだろう。
2011.08.17 掃除・洗濯
洗濯物 laundry（これから洗濯するもの、洗濯が終わったものの両方を指す）
洗濯物を干す hang out the laundry
洗濯物の山 a pile of laundry
洗濯機 washing machine
洗剤 detergent
漂白剤 bleach
脱臭剤 deodorant
クリーニングに出す
take my clothes to the cleaner
have my clothes cleaned
クリーニングに出したものを引き取る
pick up my clothes at the cleaner
洗濯のり laundry starch
洗濯ネット laundry net, cleaning net
手洗い hand-wash, wash by hand
アイロンをかける iron, press
掃く sweep, brush out
掃除機 cleaner, vacuum cleaner
掃除機をかける vacuum
2011.08.14 薬
経口薬 oral medication
飲み薬 medicinal drink, administrated as a drink
塗り薬 topical cream, topical medication
塗り薬を塗る apply
粉薬 powdered medicine, triturate
錠剤 pill, tablet
カプセル薬 capsule medicine
抗生物質 antibiotics, antibiotic drug
服用する take,
1日3回、1回3錠 three tablets each time, three times daily
用法・用量 dosage and administration
頭痛薬 headache medicine, aspirin
避妊薬 contraceptive (避妊 contraception)
目薬 eye drops, eye lotion
目薬を差す put eye drops in the eye
目薬の場合、take は使えない（？） apply はOK。
胃腸薬 gastrointestinal medicine
点滴 drip, instillation, intravenous (aj)
薬事 pharmaceutical affairs
製薬会社 drug maker, pharmaceutical company
虫さされ薬 insect bite reliever
鎮痛剤 analgesic
薬理の pharmacologic
薬効 efficacy
有効成分 active ingredient (AI)
副作用 side effect, adverse effect
2011.08.11 株
上場する go public, list
go public on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
list on the NASDAQ
上場廃止 delist
未上場 pre-listed
急騰／する surge, soar, skyrocket, boom
暴落する crash, tumble down
急落する plunge, plummet, fall sharply
上がる rise
下がる fall
信用取引 margin trading
信用売り margin selling
信用買い margin buying
売り方
買い方
買い占める buy out, buy up
buy up oil stocks
buy up all the stocks of the company
株式会社 company limited
出資する invest in, capitalize, put money into, subscribe for
subscribe for shares 株式を引き受ける
株式投資 stock investment, equity investment
未公開株 unlisted share, pre-listed share
銘柄 stock, stock name
2011.03.08
U.S. equities advanced for the fourth time in five days after jobless claims unexpectedly fell, underscoring the Federal Reserve’s assessment that the labor market is improving.
underscore 下線を引く、強調する
ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet said policy makers must exercise “strong vigilance” as inflation risks increase.
excise vigilance 警戒する
2010.10.10
I'm no good at writing so don't know how well I can tell you this story.
文才ないから、うまく書けるか分かんないけど
Sorry, Ok, I thought about it some more and it's actually not such a big deal...
ごめん、よく考えたら大チャンスじゃなかった…
Don't take the piss...
笑わないでくれよ…
First he tried to harass this girl but she wasn't having it and got off at the next stop.
最初に若い女性に絡んだんだが、その人はすごい気が強くて爺さんを一喝して次の駅でさっさと降りていった。
I watched him out of the corner of my eye thinking what a creep he was.
俺は迷惑なやつだなぁとチラチラ様子を見てた。
I couldn't just sit back any more so I forced myself to shout "Hey stop it!"
おれはさすがにまずいと思って、勇気を振り絞ってちょっと叫んだ「おい、やめろよ」と。
All right, mate, all right. Just don't take it out on the boy.
あぁ、わかったわかった。そんな若い子に絡むなよ。
I'm sorry, it's my fault it snowballed into this.
俺のせいで、大変なことに巻きこんですいません
It seems like a near impossible feat to push the relationship any further?
これはいくら何でも展開を先へ進めるのは無理では？
Rejection is the name of the game!
ダメで元々なんだよ！
I'm throwing in my cards...
もう疲れた…
（throw in one's cards トランプをやめる、計画をやめる）
She must be rolling in dough.
金持ちだな、彼女。
Finally, with bated breath, Train man takes his first step.
電車男、ついに最初の難関を突破した。
We agreed to meet for dinner.
食事の約束とりつけました
If you agree to split, then I'd be happy to.
では割り勘ならいいですよ
When you say split...
割り勘というと…
We're splitting ok.
割り勘ですよ
I can't do really spicy...
すごい辛いのとかはダメですねー
Was charged 6k for my haircut. What da hell is that about...
髪切るのに6kってどういうことですか…
I'm gonna get dressed up but I don't want you to make fun of me...
おめかししていきますが、笑わないでくださいね
Really? Well then I guess I'll get dressed up too.
そうですか？じゃあ私もおめかししていきますので
I'm pretty sure I'm gonna fall for her if I see her...
会ったら絶対好きになってしまうよ
I tried to tell her that I wanted to see her again but I couldn't...
Not with her right in front of my face...
俺、また会いたいって言おうとしたけど言えなかったんだよ…
相手目の前にしたら言えなくなったのさ…
I can't help thinking she's gonna think I'm stalking her.
さすがにしつこいとか思われそうな気がしてならんのです
Ha-ha-ha, I was teasing you yesterday.
はは、実はカマかけてたんです
Sorry for all the fuss today.
騒がしくてすいませんでした（↑決まり文句らしい）
But hey, is any of this tea talk gonna come in handy one day?
つーか、この紅茶談義はいつか役に立つのカナー
I'm not up to her standards but...
彼女とは釣り合わない（be up to standards 基準に合っている）
You must be joking. How could any woman keep her hands off you?
えー、それは嘘でしょ、周りの女性が放っておくわけないです
If we could commuete like this together, it would be so great...
こうして一緒に通勤できると助かるんけどね
Stop leading me on so much.
あんまりその気にさせないでください
I have to say that you're hot enough for me.
私にはモテモテですよ。
2010.08.21
"What on earth must I love you other than your face? The more I know your contents, the worst I find them!
Which man would love you wholeheartedly, knowing your true character?"
「あなたの顔以外どこを愛せって言うんですか。中身知れば知るほど最悪じゃないですか！
あなたの本性を知って、心から愛せる男なんてどこかにいるんですか？」
2010.03.22
Google said that talks with the Chinese government over censorship of its Chinese-language search engine were continuing, despite reports that the company would close its portal in the country. However, with Google adamant that it won’t reintroduce self-censorship, and few expecting China to compromise, it seems as though its withdrawal is only a matter of time.
グーグルは、中国でのポータル事業を閉鎖するとの報告がある一方で、中国語検索エンジンの検閲に関して中国政府との交渉は続いていると発表した。しかし、グーグルは自社による検閲を再び導入することはないと譲らず、中国政府が妥協する期待も薄いことから、グーグルが中国から撤退するのは時間の問題と思われる。
censorship 検閲
adamant 断固とした、譲らない
2010.03.07
On March 3rd, however, the mood changed. George Papandreou, the prime minister, at last threw his full weight behind austerity. His government announced some severe measures: a rise in the top rate of value-added tax, from 19% to 21%, more increases in excise tax on fuel, tobacco and alcohol, a freeze on pensions and an unprecedented 30% cut in civil servants’ Christmas, Easter and summer bonuses.
ところが、３月３日にムードは一変した。パパンドレウ首相はついに緊縮政策を全力で支援することにした。政府は以下の厳しい対策を発表した：付加価値税最高税率の19％から21％への引き上げ、燃料・タバコ・酒にかかる消費税の増税、年金の凍結、公務員のクリスマス・謝肉祭・夏のボーナスの予想外の30％削減。
throw one's weight behind （権力を行使して）～を支援／支持する
austerity 緊縮
excise tax 消費税
2010.02.20
German taxpayers are in no mood to save what they see as profligate Greeks, having already pledged 500 billion euros ($682 billion) to shore up their own banks and billions more for companies.
ギリシャは、自国の銀行の建て直しのために5千億ユーロ（6820億ドル）の支出を約束し、さらに企業救済に何10億ユーロも使おうとしており、ドイツの納税者はそんな放漫国家を救済する気にはならないでいる。
be no mood to do ～する気がない
profligate 放蕩（者）、浪費（家）
shore up 立て直す、てこ入れする
2010.02.13
Published to coincide with St Valentine’s Day, this essential compendium is an intellectual and indulgent treat―one to leave on the cistern or beside the bed.
奇しくもヴァレンタインデーに合わせて出版されたこの本質を突いた抄録は、知的で甘美な娯楽となるだろう。ベッドサイドやトイレに置いておけるような本である。
（直訳難しい。。。）
compendium 抄録、概論、要約
indulgent 甘やかした、優しい、寛大な
cistern 水を貯めるタンク
2010.02.11
Back in Tokyo, Mr Hatoyama horrified sticklers for imperial protocol by insisting that Mr Hu’s heir-apparent, Xi Jinping, pay an impromptu call on Emperor Akihito.
一方東京では、鳩山首相は、胡主席の後継者となる習副主席が緊急に天皇を訪問できるように強く要求して、皇室関連の規則にうるさい関係者をあきれさせた。
sticklers for --- ～にうるさい（こだわる）人
heir apparent （仕事、地位などの）後継者
pay a call 人を訪問する
impromptu 緊急の、場当たり的な、即興の
2010.02.11
What do you expect? You've come to a men's dorm wearing a short skirt, they're going to look.
当たり前だよ。男子寮にミニスカートなんかはいてきたら、みんな見るに決まってるよ。
be going to do には、willと同様、強い意志のニュアンスを持つこともある？
etiology 病因(論）
predispose 病気に掛かりやすくさせる
genetically predisposed to
prime 準備する
primed 抗原が感作された
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 美の基準は人によって異なる。人の好みは様々。
fall by the wayside = 途中で挫折する
The antinuclear-power-movement was at one time all the rage, but has now fallen by the wayside. 反原発の運動は一時は盛り上がったが、今は沈静化している。
attribute
contribute
distribute
retribute
accept
concept
except
intercept 傍受する
precept 令状
announce
denounce
pronounce
renounce （権利を）放棄する
disclaim 放棄する；拒否する
exclaim 叫ぶ
proclaim 宣言する
reclaim 再請求する
attain
contain
detain
obtain
retain
apply
comply
imply
ply
reply
disclose 開示する
foreclose 担保権を行使する
conclude
exclude
include
preclude 不可能にする、防止する
conjugate
subjugate 制圧する
detrude 押し倒す
intrude 侵入する
obtrude 押し付ける
protrude 出っ張る
arrogate 横領する
derogate （名声を）落とす；（法律の適用範囲を）制限する
surrogate 代理する；代理人
subrogate 代理する、（法）代位する
abrogate （法律を）廃止する
obrogate （法律を）修正する
のれんの減損処理 impairment of goodwill
会計監査 accounting audit
監査 audit, auditor, auditorial
資本提携（する） capital alliance (tie-up), form a ---, enter into ---, tie up with ---
徹夜で～する keep ---ing without sleep
レッスンを受ける take lessons
無料で without additional expense
発表会 concert
急坂 steep slope, 緩い坂は、shallow, shelving, low-pitched
そんなものは日付変更線の彼方に忘れてきましたよ。
I left such a thing beyond the date line.
一面焼け野原と化した
turned into burnt-ruins all around as far as the eye could see.
別に～するわけじゃない It doesn't mean that ---
人を出す give some manpower
場が持たない 場を持たせる＝keep things going
来週前半 the first half of the next week
頼りにしてます I'm counting on you.; I'll be counting on you.
予算の都合上中止になりました。It was stopped for a reason of the budgetary control.
決定的瞬間
I missed the crucial moment of ...
best moment of ...
important moment of ...
動物の文語的形容詞
simian サル
ovine ヒツジ
caprine ヤギ
equine ウマ
asinine ロバ
swine ブタ
porcine ブタ
bovine ウシ
bisontine バイソン
elephantine 象
ursine クマ
leonine ライオン
feline [fi:lain] 猫
canine [keinain] 犬
vulpine キツネ
lupine オオカミ
leporine ウサギ
murine ネズミ
vespertilian コウモリ
avian 鳥
cetic クジラ
anserine ガチョウ
anatine カモ
vulturine ハゲタカ
aquiline ワシ
piscine 魚
scincoid トカゲ
lacertine トカゲ
chelonian カメ
testudinal カメ
ranine カエル
vermian 虫
apian ミツバチ
vespine スズメバチ
ophthalmology 眼科；optometry 検眼、視力検査
gynecology 婦人科
obstetrics 産科
orthopedics 整形外科
venereology 性病科；venereal disease 性病
dermatology 皮膚科
laryngology 咽頭学
otology 耳鼻科
otolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科
pediatrics 小児科
urology 泌尿器科
gastroepiploic 胃大網の
gastric foveolar 胃小窩
villiform 絨毛状の
conduit 管
dehiscence 離開
Janus faced ２つの顔を持つ（Janusはﾛｰﾏ神話のﾔﾇｽ神）
compromise 危うくする；（信用、評判を）傷つける compromise clinical outcome
vasodilator 血管拡張剤
radiolysis 放射線分解
caliber 内径
fractionated 分割した；fractionated radiation 分割放射線照射
interstitial 間質の
locoregional 局所領域の
longitudinal 長期的な
contractile 収縮性の
concomitant 同時に起こる、付随する；付随物
concomitant chemoradiotherapy 併用化学放射線療法
concomitant illness 併発疾患
postprandial 食後の
preprandial 食前の
fecal [fi:kl] 糞便の；fecal soiling 便失禁（soilは汚すという意味もある）
fecal remnants 便の残渣
anastomosis 吻合
leukoplakia 白板症
suboptimal 準最適な、次善の
resuscitation 蘇生
congenital 先天性
acquired 後天性
refractory 難治性
idiopathic 特発性（原因不明で発症する）idiopathic aplastic anemia 特発性再生不良性貧血
cirrhosis 肝硬変
arterial sclerosis 動脈硬化
arhythmia 不整脈, arrhythmic heartbeat, irregular heart beat
arthritis 関節炎
lymphopenia, lymphopenic リンパ球減少症（の）
endometriosis 子宮内膜症
rheumatism リウマチ；rheumatic, reheumatoid リウマチの
resolution （炎症の）消散
relape 再発
recurrence 再発
remission 寛解
coalesce [kouale's] 癒着
dissemination 播種
dysplasia 異形成
dysfunction 機能障害（不全）
diverticula 憩室
edema 浮腫
erosion びらん
metaplasia 化生
infiltration 浸潤（白血球の血管外への浸潤にも使う）
invation 浸潤（これは主に癌？）
hypovolemia 血液量減少
hypotensive 低血圧の
perforation 穿孔
proteolysis タンパク質分解
focus 病巣
sepsis 敗血症
septic 腐敗性の
aseptically 無菌で
stasis （血管の）鬱血；（腸管の）鬱帯
congestion 鬱血
stenosis 狭窄
thrombus 血栓
infarction 塞栓
intestinal infarction 腸閉塞
cerebral infarction 脳梗塞
embolus 塞栓
aberrant 異常な、異型の（生物学用語？）
abberrant biliary duct system 異常胆管系
acetic acid 酢酸
allogeneic （生物）同種異系の
vascular tone 血管緊張
autosomal 常染色体の
dendrite 樹状突起
ectopic 異所性の（正常でない場所で起こる）
ectopic pregnancy 子宮外妊娠
entopic 正常位置に起こる
entopic pregnancy 子宮内妊娠
endoplasmic reticulum 小胞体
enema 浣腸
eukaryotic 真核性の
molting 脱皮
obligate anaerobic 偏性嫌気性
hemolysate 溶血血液
hemolysis 溶血
folate 葉酸
lactate 乳酸塩
tertiary structure of cellular protein 3次構造
afferent 求心性の；輸入の
afferent fiber 求心性繊維、afferent arteriole 輸入細動脈
choroid 脈絡膜；choroidal 脈絡膜の
acinar 房状の、小胞状の acinar cell 腺房細胞
leukocyte 白血球
basophil 好塩基球
eosinophil 好酸球
neutrophil 好中球
mast cell 肥満細胞
lineage 系統
reticulum 細網
subepithelial 上皮下の
splanchnic 内臓の
ascites 腹水
cornea 角膜
buccal 口の、頬の、口腔の
jejunum [jeju':num] 空腸
ileum 回腸
caecum 盲腸
enteric 腸の
mesenteric 腸膜間の
mesenteric abscess 腸間膜膿瘍
mesenteric cyst 腸間膜嚢胞
periarticular 関節周囲の
peritoneal 腹膜の
peritoneal lavage cytology 腹膜洗浄細胞診
peritoneum 腹膜；neumにアクセント
celiac 腹腔の
serum 血清
serosal 漿膜の
renal 腎の
adrenal 副腎の
sclera 眼球の強膜
extrafoliate 剥離する
dissect 剥離する
incise 切開する
incision 切開
resect 切除する
resection 切除
laparotomy 開腹（術）
hemicolectomy 半結腸切除術
bolus ボーラス（急速静注薬）
adverse effect 副作用、弊害
depilatory 脱毛剤（養毛剤はpilatory）
infusion 注入; infusion catheter 注入カテーテル
inspiration 吸入 ;maximal inspiration 最大吸気
peptic 消化剤；消化の; the peptics 消化器官
potency 効能
adamant 断固とした、譲らない
Why are you so adamant about it? どうしてそんなにこだわるの？
adopt an adamant attitude to 断固とした態度をとる
adamantly refuse to 断固拒否する
aggravate 悪化させる
anodize 陽極酸化（処理）する
argue for ～に賛成だ、～を主張する、～を訴える
augment 増大する（させる）、増強する
debilitate 衰弱させる、弱体化させる
bungle しくじり、へま
cantileber 片持ち梁（かたもちばり、一方のみ固定された水平に伸びる構造物）
centerpiece 中心的存在、最重要項目
coddle 甘やかして育てる
collusion 談合、癒着、共謀 共謀する = collude, conspire
compendium 抄録、要約、概論
confer 話し合う、協議する；授与する、もたらす、という意味もある！
conformal 正角の、等角の、共形の
conformal mapping 等角写像
contiguous 連続した、切れ目のない、隣接している
detrimental to 有害な
dimerization ２量化
discoid 円盤
disjointed 支離滅裂の、まとまりのない
disjointed conversation ちぐはぐな会話
disjointed organization まとまりのない組織
dispense 施す；施行する；処方する；調剤する；販売する
dispense equal justice 公正に執行する
dispense a prescription 処方箋を調剤する
dispense advice 助言する
dissent 異議、意見の相違
dissent from the party decision 党の決定に反対する
dissent from the accord 協定に反対する
dither ためらい、躊躇（する）
She dithers every time she had to make a decision.
彼女は、物事を決めなくてはいけないときにはいつも躊躇する。
drape 掛け布
elapse （時が）経過する；（時の）経過
elapsed days 経過日数
emanation 発散（物）、流出（物）、放出（物）= radiation?
errant 逸脱した、誤った; errant bomb attack 誤爆
evacuate 避難する
excize tax 消費税
feed into 流れ込む、絡む
This figure shows three distinct experimental starategies which feed into our estimates.
fraternity 友愛
for all --- ～にもかかわらず
foreclosure 差し押さえ
gerbil アレチネズミ
gridlock 交通渋滞、膠着状態
hallmark 品質証明、太鼓判；特質
hallmark of genius 折り紙つきの天才
histological hallmark 組織学的特徴
hapless 不幸な
holdup 強盗
intruder and holdup alarm system 侵入者及び強盗用警報システム
heterogeneous 不均一の
gynecology 婦人科（学）（ジネコロジー）
horrify 震え上がらせる；あきれさせる
Mr. Hatoyama horiffied stlickers for emperial protocols.
impair 損なう
impair a friendly relationship 友好的関係を損なう
indulgent 甘やかした、寛大な
inept 無能な、的外れな
creatively inept 想像力がまるでない
infringe 侵害する
infringe a constitution 憲法を侵害する
infringe a patent 特許権を侵害する
infringe a copyright 著作権を侵害する
lose steam 勢いを失う、失速する
lubricant 潤滑油（剤）
mainstay 主力、頼みの綱
One of the mainstays of structural analysis is light microscopy.
medication 薬剤、薬物
mesquite メスキートという木
morphometry 形態計測
murine ネズミの
nitrous oxide 亜酸化窒素
obdurate 頑固な
obuduracy 頑固
pay a call on （人を）訪問する
peroxide 過酸化物
phenotype 表現型
precipitating event 引き金となる現象
profligate 放蕩（者）、浪費（家）
protracted 長期化した、だらだら続く
quixotic ドンキホーテのような、騎士道気取りの、非現実的な、空想的な
ramification 分岐、成り行き、悪影響
rapprochement （国家間の）親交関係確立（回復）、親善 ※発音はフランス語読み
recesive 劣性の
referendum 国民投票、住民投票
reimburse 払い戻す、償還する
remorse 自責の念
restitution 返還；補償、賠償；回復、復元
rheology 流動学
secretary-general 幹事長、事務局長、書記長
setback 後退；挫折、敗北
shore up てこ入れする、立て直す
sinewy 筋骨たくましい
sleaze 不道徳、スキャンダル
smoking gun 決定的な証拠
smolder くすぶる；いぶす
sterile 無菌の、殺菌した；不毛な、（名）無精子症
sterilize 殺菌する、消毒する、滅菌する
stifle 窒息させる、息苦しくなる
stickler for --- ～にうるさい（こだわる）人；難問
substantiate 立証する
subtrate 基質
tainted by ～に染まる、まみれる
take a toll on ～に被害を与える、犠牲を強いる
tally 勘定、集計；勘定する、集計する
tax credit 税額控除
throw one's weight behind （権力を行使して）～を支持／支援する
titrate 滴定する
toll 使用料、通行料；損害、被害規模、犠牲者数
turbid 混濁した、濁った
unequivocally はっきりと、明言した
upscale 高級な
versatile 汎用の、用途が広い、融通が利く
vindicate 立証する、正当性を主張する
登山道 climbing trail (route)
山小屋 mountain lodge,（粗末な）cabin
星空 starry sky
チェーンを付ける／外す snowchain, put on, take off, attach
湿原 wetland, marshland, moor
泥炭 peat
貧栄養 oligotrophic
富栄養 eutrophic
高山植物 alpine plants
白樺 white birch
ブナ beech
カラマツ larch
スギ cedar
ヒノキ japanese cypress
ハンノキ alder
糸杉 cypress
植林 afforestation, tree planting
針葉樹 conifer
落葉樹 deciduous tree
広葉樹 broad-leaved tree
胞子 spore
キノコ狩り mushroom-gathering
沢 mountain stream
糞 feces（フィーシーズ）, （形）fecal
花が咲く bloom, blossom
花びら flower petal
花がしぼむ wither, wilt
つぼみ flower bud
昆虫採集 insect collecting
オサムシ caraboid beetle?
甲虫 beetle
モンシロチョウ cabbage white, cabbage butterfly
蜜を吸う consume nectar
虫が鳴く chirp, sing, buzz
虫に刺される be bitten (stung) by an insect
虫刺され insect bites, insect stung
獣医学 veterinary medicine
獣医 veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon
シジュウカラ
ウグイス japanese warbler
鳥がさえずる sing, warbler, twitter, chatter
花粉症 pollen allergy, hay fever
花粉を放出する release pollens
鼻水 I have a runny (running) nose. snot, snivel
最終更新：2017年12月01日 21:02
