シヴィロペディア/建造物(Building)/世界遺産(World Wonders) - 2010/5/16のペリク鯖バックアップ

世界遺産（世界に一つしか建てられない） 2へ

Versailles（ベルサイユ宮殿）

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• Versailles（ベルサイユ宮殿）は周囲の都市の維持費を減少させ、また第2のForbidden Palace（紫禁城）のように機能します。また、Great Artist（偉大な芸術家）の誕生確率を増大させます。

  （訳注）原文ではGreat Artist（偉大な芸術家）の誕生確率について限定がされていないが、おそらくこれは建設都市にのみ有効。

• Versailles reduces the maintenance costs in nearby cities and acts like a second Forbidden Palace. It increases the chances of creating a Great Artist.
  • The Palace of Versailles began life as a hunting lodge constructed at the instructions of King Louix XIII, who enjoyed hunting in the nearby woods. In 1660, his son Louis XIV decided to turn the "chateau" into a palace. Louis XIV took up residence in 1682, and construction on the palace was completed in 1688. During Louis' lifetime this huge, ungainly, and ornate building was not only his residence, but it also housed the royal court and central bureaucracy of France. Versailles is a complex of richly appointed buildings centered in one-and-a-half square miles of fine parkland. It is surrounded by beautiful fountains, statues, and magnificent formal gardens.

    At the very center of the palace was, of course, Louis' bedroom, a massive and ostentatious room. At the center of the bedroom was the Royal Bed, which was surrounded by a railing, suggesting that the king did indeed hold large audiences while reclining in the bed and needed a way to keep the visitors' fingers from messing up the royal linens.

    The Hall of Mirrors is another impressive room in Versailles. Over 200 feet in length and 30 feet wide, the hall contains 578 mirrors and 17 ornate windows. On the ceiling Louis had painted 30 pictures showing his many triumphs and the benefits of his rule.

    While appearing to many a massive exercise in royal excess, Louis had good reason for constructing Versailles; with one stroke he removed the nobility and bureaucracy from the intrigues of Paris and made them more immediately responsible to him. In this way he was able to render the once powerful nobility largely impotent; great families which had once battled each other for the throne of France now found themselves instead intriguing for the privilege of attending Louis' bath.

    Nonetheless, Versailles was, in fact, an extraordinarily expensive building. It has been estimated that maintaining the palace and its noble denizens consumed 6% of the entire French national budget. For a comparison, the United States' President's 2006 budget estimates that the US will take in about 2.2 trillion dollars in revenue in 2006. Six percent of that amount is 132 billion dollars.

    After the French Revolution and the dissolution of the monarchy, Versailles fell into disrepair and disuse. The German Army made the complex its headquarters after defeating France in the Franco-Prussian war in 1870. The building remained in decay until the 1960s, when Pierre Verlet conceived the bold idea of refurbishing Versailles to its glory days under Louis XIV. Since then the curators have managed to retrieve many of the original furnishings from across Europe.

The Pyramids（ピラミッド）

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• The Pyramids（ピラミッド）は全てのGovernment（政治体制）の選択を可能にします（あなたの初期の選択肢を大幅に増加させます）。また、建設された都市でのGreat Engineer（偉大な技術者）の誕生確率を増大させます。
  • 古代エジプト第4王朝によって築かれたピラミッドは古代エジプト文化の偉業の最高潮を具現するものといえます。現在のカイロ市近郊のギザ高原に建設されたこれらの建築群はファラオ達の墓であり記念碑です。その完成には何世代にもわたる歳月と、何万もの労働者が費やされたことでしょう。ピラミッドは古代の七不思議の中で現存しているものとして広く知られている唯一のものです。

    （訳注）現在の学説では墓説よりも天文ないし祭礼の施設、あるいは失業者対策としての公共事業とする説が有力である。実際にミイラが見つかったピラミッドはたった１つだけである。なおPyramidと言うのはピラミスという古代ギリシャの三角形をしたパンから後世に付けられた名前で、実際の名はムルあるいはメル（「昇る」の意）といい、「太陽への階段」を意味したらしい。

• The Pyramids enable you to access all Government civics (greatly increasing your early management options). They also increase their city's chances of generating a Great Engineer.
  • Built by the fourth dynasty of Egyptian rulers, the Pyramids represent the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian cultural achievement. Constructed on the Giza plateau outside modern-day Cairo, these structures were burial tombs and monuments for the Pharaohs, and may have taken generations and tens of thousands of workers to complete. The Pyramids are the only one of the generally accepted man-made wonders of the ancient world that remains in existence today.

Stonehenge（ストーンヘンジ）

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• Stonehenge（ストーンヘンジ）は、あなたの首都と全ての都市へ無料でObelisk（オベリスク）を建設します。また、建設された都市でのGreat Prophet（偉大な預言者）の誕生確率を増大させます。

  ※Calendar（暦）により時代遅れにされます。

• Stonehenge provides a free Obelisk in all your cities and centers the world map. It increases its city's odds of generating a Great Prophet.
  • Stonehenge is perhaps the most astounding construct of pre-history still standing. Though standing in ruins, this mighty relic still has the power to insight amazement, awe and wonder.

    Stonehenge was built in southern England. Consisting of concentric circles of stone surrounded by a moat (called a "henge"), Stonehenge was constructed in several stages over thousands of years. The henge was dug approximately 5000 years ago; the inner ring of smaller "bluestones" were added about a thousand years later, in approximately 2000 BC; and the outer ring of huge sarsen stones was completed 500 years later.

    No one is sure exactly who constructed Stonehenge. For centuries it was romantically and erroneously believed that the Druids built the wonder, but in fact the edifice was completed 2000 years before there were any Druids. All we really know is that construction was begun by people of the Neolithic period and completed by those who supplanted them.

    Stonehenge is a wonder of engineering constructed with the most primitive tools. It appears that the outer ditch was dug with wooden and bone implements. The 80 inner bluestones, weighing about 4 tons each, were transported from a quarry over 240 miles away. Scientists speculate that the stones were dragged on logs and wooden sledges for part of the journey and carried on river barges for the rest. The heaviest of the outer ring of stones weighs in at about 50 tons; it took approximately 600 men to drag such stones from their quarry, about 20 miles away. These monster stones had to be pulled upright in exactly the correct position by men equipped with ropes and wooden levers.

    There is much debate about Stonehenge's purpose. Some theorize that it was built as a temple to honor earth gods, while others believe that it was a burial ground for ancient kings and noblemen. Another theory is that Stonehenge is an ancient astronomical observatory, charting the movement of the stars which men believed controlled their destinies.

    Whatever its original purpose, it remains today a rugged and beautiful monument to the astonishing skill and dedication of its "primitive" builders.

The Great Wall（万里の長城） (Warlords)

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• The Great Wall（万里の長城）は、その大陸における所有者の文化国境内に（物理的に長城の外側であっても）効果を及ぼします。その効果は、Barbarians（蛮族）が国境内に侵入できなくなることと、所有者が国境内の戦闘においてより多くのGreat General（偉大な将軍）ポイントを得ることができるようになるというものです。

• The Great Wall affects the area inside its owner's cultural borders on that continent, even if it is physically outside of the Great Wall. The effects are that Barbarians cannot enter that area, and the owner receives more Great General points from combat within that area.
  • The Great Wall of China is one of the largest and most famous man-made constructions in the entire world. Chinese rulers built the Great Wall to ward off attack from nomadic tribesmen living in modern Manchuria and Mongolia. Interestingly, the Great Wall was not designed to keep the nomads out - the Chinese knew it was all but impossible to defend such a long border - it was designed to make it difficult for the raiders to carry off loot, thus making raids far less profitable and thus less worth the risks involved.

    There have actually been five different "Great Walls" built by different Chinese dynasties. The first four were constructed of earth and have since all but disappeared. The current wall was built almost entirely by the Ming Dynasty between 1368 and 1640 AD. This wall was constructed on a grander scale, using more permanent materials (like stone). The Ming wall stretches for 3,948 miles from Shanhai Pass on the Bohai Gulf in the east to Lop Nur in the southeast portion of Xinjiang's Uygur Autonomous Region in the west. This was the region where the Silk Road first entered China, and a series of watchtowers which could communicate via smoke signals were intended to pass messages rapidly along the vast length.

    In pure military terms, the Great Wall turned out to be something of a failure. The Manchus were able to bribe a Chinese general to let them pass through the wall, so it turned out to be of little value in stopping a major barbarian attack. After the Manchus conquered China, the borders of the country extended far to the north, rendering the wall irrelevant. The sheer cost of the wall was also staggering, and the cost in human lives is said to have exceeded over one million souls (the Great Wall is sometimes nicknamed "the long graveyard").

    Today much of the Great Wall is in a state of disrepair - though the tourist regions are well-preserved, much of the rest of the structure is crumbling, and perhaps only 20%% of the wall is in good condition. Despite its decay, the Great Wall remains one of China's most popular tourist attractions and a true wonder of the world.

The Great Library（アレクサンドリア図書館）

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• The Great Library（アレクサンドリア図書館）は建設された都市に無料で2人のScientist（科学者）を追加し、Scientific（科学）の生産を増やします。また、建設された都市でのGreat Scientist（偉大な科学者）の誕生確率を大きく増大させます。

  ※Scientific Method（科学的手法）により時代遅れにされます。

• アレクサンドリアの大図書館は古代世界の２つの最重要図書館の一方です。エジプト王プトレマイオス1世によりB.C.300年に開設されて以来、この図書館は歴代エジプト王によって拡充されつづけてきました。その重要性を問わずあらゆる書物を収蔵しようとした結果、この図書館の蔵書はついには70万巻以上にも及びました。開設後700年近くになったA.D.391年に狂信者によって図書館は破壊されましたが、それまでの間、アレクサンドリアはヘレニズム世界の文化的中心地でありつづけました。今日では目録の一部が残されているだけであり、どれほどの貴重な文献がこの図書館に収蔵されていたかをわずかに偲ばせるだけとなっています。

  （訳注）古いCivでは「王立図書館」と訳されていた。文中２つの最重要～とあるがもう一方はペルガモン市にあった図書館である。アレクサンドリア図書館からはライバル視されており、写本の邪魔をするためにパピルスの輸出が止められた結果、羊皮紙が発明されたという逸話がある。 また文中A.D.391年に～とあるのは図書館の分館のあったセラピス神殿がキリスト教狂信者によって破壊された事件を指すと思われる。図書館本館は実際にはB.C.47年のカエサルのエジプト進駐時に焼失したとも、A.D.270年前後のゼノビア女王の乱の時に破壊されたとも言われている。図書館の完全な破壊はA.D.641年のイスラム勢力のアレクサンドリア占領時であるとする説もある。

• The Great Library gives its city two free scientist specialists, increasing the city's scientific output. It greatly increases its city's odds of generating a Great Scientist.
  • The Great Library of Alexandria was one of the two most important libraries of the ancient world. Ptolemy I founded it around 300 BC, and was enhanced and expanded by his successors. The library attempted to obtain copies of all scrolls of any consequence, and eventually contained over 700,000 volumes. Religious fanatics destroyed the library in 391 AD, after nearly 700 years of operation. During this period, Alexandria served as the cultural center of the Hellenistic world. Today, only part of the catalog remains, providing us with a mere hint of what treasures the library contained.

The Great Lighthouse（ファロス灯台）

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• The Great Lighthouse（ファロス灯台）はあなたの全ての沿岸都市に2個のtrade routes(通商路）を追加します。また、建設された都市でのGreat Merchant（偉大な商人）の誕生確率を増大させます。

  ※Corporation（企業）により時代遅れにされます。

• ファロス島の大灯台はB.C.280年にエジプトのアレクサンドリア市の港の小島に建てられた大理石製の監視塔にして灯台でした。その高さは90m程度と推定されており、灯台の主たる機能は他に目印のない沿岸において、近づいてくる船を港に導くことでした。歴史家達はこの灯台が火をともしていたのか、それとも鏡を使って太陽光を反射していたのかで議論しています。当時では夜間に船が沿岸を航行することはまれでしたから、暗くなってからはおそらく灯台はほとんど必要とされなかったことでしょう。ファロス島の大灯台はそれまで何度も地震で被害を受けていましたが、とうとう14世紀の大地震で全壊してしまいました。

  （訳注）古いCivでは「大灯台」ないし「アレクサンドリアの大灯台」と訳された。よく（古代）世界の七不思議の一つに挙げられるが実はフィロンによるオリジナルの「七不思議」には数えられていない。原文では90m(300ft)とあるが120m以上とする説も多い。 地震により何度か破壊されるも修復され、12世紀頃まで使用されていたらしい。全壊したのは1303年の大地震と推定されている。その跡地にはA.D.1480年にカイトベイ城塞が建てられている。

• The Great Lighthouse adds two additional trade routes to all coastal cities. The Great Lighthouse also increases its city's odds of generating a Great Merchant.
  • The Pharos was a marble watchtower and lighthouse built in 280 BC on an island in the harbor of Alexandria, Egypt. Estimated to have been 300 feet high, the primary function of the lighthouse was to guide approaching ships to the harbor on an otherwise unmarked coast. Historians debate whether fires were burned on the top of the tower, or whether mirrors were used to reflect sunlight. Since ships rarely sailed along coasts at night, there was probably little need for the lighthouse after dark. The Pharos was destroyed in the 14th century, after having been damaged by several earthquakes.

The Hanging Gardens（空中庭園）

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• The Hanging Gardens（空中庭園）はあなたの全ての都市のhealth（衛生）を向上させ、最大人口枠を増やします。また、建設された都市でのGreat Engineer（偉大な技術者）の誕生確率を増大させます。

• The Hanging Gardens improves the health of your cities and adds an additional population point in them. It increases the odds of its city generating a Great Engineer.
  • The Hanging Gardens were a distinctive feature of ancient Babylon. They were a great source of pride to the people, and were often described in accounts written by visitors to the city. Possibly built by King Nebuchadnezzar II in 600 BC, the gardens are believed to have been a remarkable feat of engineering: an ascending series of tiered gardens containing all manner of trees, shrubs, and vines. The gardens were said to have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks, rising from the center of the city.

The Colossus（ロードス島の巨神像）

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• The Colossus（ロードス島の巨神像）はあなたの持つ沿岸都市の全てのwater tiles（水タイル）に追加のcommerce（商業）を与えます。また、建設された都市のGreat Merchant（偉大な商人）の誕生確率を増大させます。

  ※Astronomy（天文学）により時代遅れにされます。

• ロードス島の巨神像はギリシャの太陽神ヘリオスの青銅製の彫像で、市の港門付近に建てられていました。その高さは30mを超え、自由の女神のおよそ2/3に相当します。しかし不幸なことに、この巨像は建造わずか56年後に地震で倒壊してしまいます。その後神託により巨像は倒れたままにしておくことになりました。以後900年以上にわたって、この巨像を一目見ようと古代世界のあちこちから人々がロードス島を訪れました。この巨像はA.D.654年にイスラム勢力がロードス島に侵攻し、巨像をスクラップとして売り払ってしまうまで倒れたままでした。

  （訳注）古いCivではアポロ巨像と訳される場合もあるが、これは古くからある巨像の通称で、アポロが太陽神ヘリオスと同一視されたことによる。

• The Colossus adds extra commerce to all water tiles in your coastal cities. It also increases its city's odds of generating a Great Merchant.
  • The Colossus of Rhodes was a bronze statue of Helios, the Greek God of the Sun, erected near the mouth of the city harbor. It stood over 100 feet high, about two-thirds the height of the Statue of Liberty. Unfortunately, an earthquake toppled it only 56 years after its construction. Taking the counsel of an oracle, the city elected to leave the statue where it lay. For over 900 years, people from all over the ancient world came to Rhodes to see the Colossus. It remained where it was until 654 AD when the Muslims who plundered the city sold the statue for scrap.

The Oracle（アポロ神殿）

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• The Oracle（アポロ神殿）は建設者に無料で１つの技術を与えます。また、建設された都市でのGreat Prophet（偉大な預言者）の誕生確率を増大させます。
  • 古代ギリシャの信仰では、託宣者は問いへの神からの答えを伝える祭司あるいは女祭司でした。託宣者は夢、神懸った人物の行動、そして犠牲として捧げられた動物の内蔵から見つけられた表象（サイン）に解釈を与えました。もっとも有名な神託所はパルナソス山のふもとにあったデルフォイ市のアポロン神殿でした。ギリシャやローマその他の民族の人々は何世紀にもわたって政治方針や私的な問題についてこの神託に伺いをたてていました。ピュティアと呼ばれたこの神殿の女祭司は、謝礼と引き換えに未来を予言していましたが、こうした恍惚下での託宣は、どうとでも取れるものが多かった為にやがて信じられなくなっていきました。

    （訳注）古いCivでは「神託所」あるいは「デルフィの神託」と訳された。アポロはアポロンのローマ名。デルフォイの女託宣者はしばしばシビュラ(Sibylla)とも呼ばれることがあるが、これは元々個人名で、有名だった予言者の名が後世に一般化したものと考えられている。ピュティアの名はデルフォイ市の旧名ピュティーに由来する。なお神託所自体は元々は土着の地母神の神託所だったらしい。デルフォイがアポロンの神託所になった由来は神話化されている。

• The Oracle gives the builder one free technology advance, and it increases the odds of its city generating a Great Prophet.
  • In ancient Greek religion, an oracle was a priest or priestess through whom the gods spoke in response to questions. The oracle interpreted dreams, the actions of entranced persons, and physical signs found in the entrails of sacrificed animals. The most famous oracle resided in the shrine of Apollo at Delphi, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus. Greeks, Romans, and others consulted this oracle for centuries about public policy and private matters. A priestess called the Pythia would, for a fee, make public predictions for the future. These ecstatic pronouncements became infamous for their ambiguity.

The Parthenon（パルテノン神殿）

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• The Parthenon（パルテノン神殿）はあなたの文明においてGreat People（偉人）の発生、特にGreat Artist（偉大な芸術家）の誕生確率を増大させます。また、The Parthenon（パルテノン神殿）は高いCultural value(文化)を持ちます。

  ※Chemistry（化学）により時代遅れにされます。

• パルテノン神殿は紀元前433年、ギリシャのアテナイにおいて、アテナイを守護する女神アテナを祭るため建てられました。パルテノン神殿は面積が225×100フィートあり、ほとんど大理石で作られていました。外部は高さ30フィート以上のドリア式の柱で取り囲まれ、中心部はケッラ(cella)と呼ばれる大きなオープンスペースになっており、アテナ像が祭られています。神殿の大部分は女神アテナとアテナイの栄光を祝福する美しい大理石の彫像とフリーズ（訳注：天井のすぐ下の壁の帯状の装飾）で装飾されていました。

  パルテノン神殿は時代とともに多くの破壊行為にさらされました。5世紀、ローマ皇帝はアテナ像を略奪しコンスタンティノープルに移動させました。その後、そのアテナ像は破壊されました。13世紀、パルテノン神殿はカトリックの教会に変えられ、内装は変更され、古の神に捧げられた多くの彫像は撤去（そしておそらくは破壊）されました。15世紀、アテナイはオスマントルコに占領され、神殿はモスクに変えられました。17世紀、トルコ人とベネチア人との戦争によって部分的に破壊されました。最終的には、19世紀、イギリス大使が建物に残っていたすべての大理石フリーズを略奪し、大英博物館に売却しました。

  長い年月にわたって無視され、損傷され、略奪されたにも関わらず、パルテノン神殿は今なお、非常に力強く美しい古代ギリシャの栄光のシンボルとして健在です。

• The Parthenon increases the rate at which your civilization generates Great People, particularly Great Artist. It also has a high cultural value.
  • The Parthenon was constructed in 433 BC, in Athens, Greece, in honor of Athens' patron goddess, Athena. Measuring 100 feet by 225 feet, the Parthenon is constructed almost totally of marble. The exterior of the Parthenon is ringed with Doric-style columns more than 30 feet in height, and the center part of the temple, called the "cella," is a large open space which once held a statue of Athena. Much of the temple was decorated with beautiful marble statues and friezes celebrating Athena and the glories of Athens.

    The Parthenon has suffered much from the ravages of time. In the 5th century a Roman Emperor stole the statue of Athena and moved it to Constantinople, where it was subsequently destroyed. In the 13th century the Parthenon was converted to a Catholic church, which involved altering the internal structure and removing (and probably destroying) many statues dedicated to the old gods. In the 15th century Athens was captured by the Ottomans, and the temple was turned into a mosque. In the 17th century the Parthenon was partially destroyed during a war between the Ottomans and Venetians. Finally, in the 19th century, the British ambassador to Greece looted all of the surviving marble friezes from the building, which he subsequently sold to the British museum.

    Despite the centuries of neglect, mutilation and pillaging, the Parthenon still stands - a remarkably powerful and beautiful symbol of the glories of ancient Greece.

The Temple of Artemis（アルテミス神殿） (Warlords)

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• The Temple of Artemis（アルテミス神殿）は、その都市の交易路収入を増やし、その都市に一体の 聖職者 を配置します。

• The Temple of Artemis increases its city's trade route income, and places a Priest specialist in that city.
  • The Temple of Artemis was located in the city of Ephesus in modern Turkey, and it was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. At its grandest the building contained more than 100 marble columns (each 50 feet or more in length) and covered an area larger than the Acropolis in Athens. The first temple built on the site was finished around 600 BC, but was burned down and destroyed some 50 years later. The temple was rebuilt starting circa 550 BC, and its new incarnation was even larger and more magnificent than before. Its construction was sponsored by the Lydian king Croesus and it was designed by the Greek architect Chersiphron. The temple was decorated with bronze sculptures made by the finest artists of the era, including Phidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas, and Phradmon. It served as both a marketplace and a religious institution, drawing tourists from far and wide across Greece and the Near East.

    Unfortunately, the Temple of Artemis was destroyed again in 356 BC by a man named Herostratus, who deliberately committed arson in an attempt to immortalize his name (in which he obviously succeeded). Legend has it that the temple burned to the ground on the same night as Alexander the Great was born, and that Artemis was too busy attending his birth to save her temple. After Alexander's death, the Temple of Artemis was rebuilt once more, achieving its largest and most impressive size yet. Aside from its roof, the new temple was made entirely out of marble, with steps leading up to a huge terrace that measured 260 by 430 feet in size. The temple was re-adorned with statues, paintings, and other fine artwork, and over time regained its position of glory.

    When St. Paul visited Ephesus in the first century AD, the Temple of Artemis was still standing and its priests had no intention of renouncing their goddess. Unfortunately, the building was burned down by the Goths during a raid in 262 AD. The Ephesians vowed to rebuild it, but interest in the Hellenic gods and goddesses was beginning to wane by that point. By 400 AD, most of the people of Ephesus had converted to Christianity, and the remnants of the temple were torn down by St. John Chrysostom. The marble from the temple was salvaged for use in other building projects, and almost nothing remains of the Temple of Artemis today.

Angkor Wat（アンコール・ワット）

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• Angkor Wat（アンコール・ワット）は建設された都市において３人の市民を僧侶に変えることを可能にします。さらに、あなたの持つ全ての僧侶専門家に追加の生産力を与えます。また、Angkor Wat（アンコール・ワット）は建設された都市でのGreat Prophet（偉大な預言者）の誕生確率を増大させます。

  ※Computers（コンピュータ）により時代遅れにされます。

• Angkor Wat allows you to turn 3 citizens into priests in the city that builds the wonder. Further, it adds additional production to all of your priest specialists. Angkor Wat increases the odds of its city generating a Great Prophet.
  • Angkor Wat is a temple in Angkor, Cambodia. Angkor Wat was constructed in the 12th century by King Suryavaman II to serve as the royal palace and state temple, Hinduism being the state religion. Two or three centuries later Angkor Wat was converted to Buddhist use. Angkor Wat is a complex of buildings surrounded by a wall and then moat. The enclosed area measures 3000 feet by 2600 feet.

    Angkor Wat is constructed primarily of sandstone blocks. The complex is laid out in a rectangular pattern somewhat resembling that of an ancient fortress; the inner buildings are separated from the outer walls by a courtyard similar to a bailey one might find in a castle.

    At one time the courtyard was filled with wooden buildings, but these have all since perished. The inner structure is split into three galleries built on raised platforms. The outer galleys once contained libraries, while the inner was a shrine to Vishnu (and has since been converted to a shrine to Buddha). The galleries are topped with towers that resemble stylized beehives, the tallest reaching about 140 feet in height. The buildings' walls are covered with ornate and beautiful bas relief sculptures depicting scenes from Hindu mythology.

    Though largely neglected in the latter half of the 20th century, serious efforts are now being made to preserve and restore this wonderful and unique place of worship, and pilgrims and tourists are visiting it in ever-greater numbers each year.