Lesson4 - StudyPlace | 受験突破のための全ての知を体系化したwiki

Lesson 4 Beyond What Nature Intends

【1】
When he was 17, Hugh Herr was one of America's most prominent rock climbers. But he had a severe accident while climbing. In this lesson, we will find out how he coped with hardship and developed his career.

【2】
Hugh Herr was a born climber. By age 8, he had scaled the face of 11,627-foot Mt. Temple in southern Alberta, Canada. Later, he began climbing without a rope. He ascended tough climbing routes, some of which no adult had ever attempted before. By the time he was a teenager, Herr was one of the top rock climbers on the East Coast.

Climbing Accident
【1】
In January 1982, 17-year old Hugh Herr and his friend, Jeff Batzer, age 20, set out to climb Mt. Washington. Located in New Hampshire, Mt. Washington is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States, at 6,288 feet. Their climb began in reasonable weather, but winters in New Hampshire can be brutal, and very quickly, the two boys were fighting 100 mile per hour winds. The temperature dropped to a windchill factor of minus 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
【2】
The boys became disoriented. Herr slipped and fell into a river, and they were stranded on the wilderness side of Mt. Washington. Cell phones did not yet exist, so the boys were on their own as the winds howled and the temperature dropped.
【3】
"We survived by building snow caves and hugging each other to stay warm," Herr said later. They lost track of time. One day passed and then another.
【4】
"When you're hypothermic, you can't think clearly," Herr said. "So even though we were approaching four days, we thought we were still in the same 24-hour day."
【5】
Hypothermia gave way to surrender. "We were no longer able to walk," Herr said. "We just gave up all hope and we actually stopped hugging each other to stay warm. We just reasoned the sooner we died, the better."
【6】
Almost by a miracle, the two boys were discovered by a snowshoer, and that evening they were airlifted to a hospital.

"Walk, Not Climb"

Herr woke up after surgery to find that he had lost both legs below the knee from frostbite. A nurse tried to offer encouragement by telling him that he would be able to walk with artificial legs. He was given crude plaster legs and, eventually, acrylic ones.

When Herr asked the doctors if he would ever be able to climb again, they answered, "Walk, not climb." They told him that he would be able to drive a car, using hand controls, but not to ride a bike or return to mountain climbing.

Herr told his friends that the artificial legs were far more rudimentary than he had hoped they would be. He said, "This is it? Are you kidding me?"

Back to the Mountains

The doctors were wrong. Herr started climbing again while he was still in the rehabilitation center.

First, he noticed that because the amputations had left him 14 pounds lighter, he was able to move faster than before. He realized that there was no reason that his new feet needed to mimic his old ones. He started to make his own modifications to his artificial legs. He cut off the heel to reduce weight, increased his legs' stiffness where it was useful, added spikes for ice climbing, and made feet narrow enough to stick in small cracks.

Soon, thanks to various types of prosthetic legs, Herr's climbing was better than ever. He began ascending rock faces that he actually could not have climbed before his accident.

Herr was again a major competitor in the climbing world. Just one year after the accident on Mt. Washington, he was featured on the cover of Outside Magazine.

Next Step

Herr had never been much interested in school. His goal was to be the best mountain climber in the world. He had no interest in even going to college.

Inspired by his accident, Herr decided to attend college, where he enrolled in math and science courses. He even earned a master's degree in mechanical engineering at MIT in 1993, followed by a Ph.D. at Harvard in biophysics. Since then, Herr has produced a string of breakthrough products, starting with a computer controlled artificial knee in 2003. In 2004, he created the biomechatronics group at MIT, a now 40 person R&D lab drawing on the fields of biology, mechanics, and electronics to restore function to those who have lost it.

In 2007, the team produced powered bionic limbs that allow an amputee to walk with speed and effort comparable to people with biological legs. The ankle system is manufactured by a private company Herr started.

In 2016, Herr advanced another of his lab's goals: to improve human performance "beyond what nature intends" by creating an innovative device that saves energy when you are walking. The implications are vast for people who want to get to places faster, or people who want to conserve energy on a long walk.

In the near future, Herr and his colleagues at the MIT center are committed to treating paralysis caused by damage to the spinal cord. Herr's goal is to develop a synthetic spinal cord that aids the original.

Herr sees a future where technology not only helps eliminate disability but also increases human potential. He believes his research will extend far beyond climb replacement and will fundamentally redefine what it means to be human.

和訳
Lesson 4 Beyond What Nature Intends
（レッスン4 自然の意図を超えて）

【1】
①ヒュー・ヘアが17歳のとき、彼はアメリカで最も著名なロッククライマーの1人でした。
②しかし、彼は登山中にひどい事故に遭いました。
③このレッスンでは、彼がどのようにして困難に対処し、自身のキャリアを築いていったのかを見ていきましょう。

【2】
①ヒュー・ヘアは生まれながらのクライマーでした。
②8歳までには彼はカナダのアルバータ州南部にある標高11,627フィートのテンプル山の斜面を登っていました。
③その後、彼はロープなしで登り始めました。
④彼は、厳しい登山ルートを登りましたが、そのいくつかは大人がそれ以外に誰も挑戦したことがありませんでした。
⑤10代になるまでには、ハーはアメリカ東海岸でトップクラスのロッククライマーの1人でした。

Climbing Accident
（登山事故）
【1】
①1982年1月、17歳のヒュー・ヘアと彼の友人である20歳のジェフ・バッツァーは、マウント・ワシントンに登るために出発しました。
②ニューハンプシャー州に位置し、ワシントン山は、標高6,288フィートでアメリカ北東部の最も高い山です。
③彼らの登山はまずまずの天候の中で始まりましたが、ニューハンプシャー州の冬は容赦ないものになることがあり、2人の少年はまたたく間に時速100マイルの強風と戦うことになりました。
④気温は、体感温度でマイナス110華氏度（約マイナス79度）まで下がりました。
【2】
①少年たちは方向感覚を失いました。
②ハーは滑り、川に落ちてしまい、彼らはワシントン山の荒野側に取り残されました。
③携帯電話はまだ存在していませんでした。そのため、風がうなり、気温が低下する中、少年たちは孤立した状態でした。
【3】
①「私たちは雪洞を作り、お互いを抱きしめ合って体を温めることで生き延びました」と、ヘアは後に語りました。②彼らは時間の感覚を失いました。③1日、そしてまた1日と過ぎていきました。
【4】
①「低体温症になると、明確に考えることができなくなります」とヘアは言いました。
②「だから、4日近く経とうとしていたときでさえ、私たちはまだ同じ24時間の中にいると思っていました」。
【5】
①低体温症は降伏に取って代わられました。
②「私たちはもう歩くことができなくなっていました」とヘアは言いました。
③「私たちはすべての希望を捨て、体を温めるためにお互いを抱きしめ合うことすら、実際にやめてしまいました。
④私たちは死ぬのは早ければ早いほどいいと、まさに判断していました。」
【6】
①ほとんど奇跡的に、2人の少年はスノーシュー（西洋かんじき）を履いた人に発見され、その日の夕方、ヘリコプターで病院へと搬送されました。